Report format- new product - UV protector spray for Billabong Company Essay

Report format- new product - UV protector spray for Billabong Company in Australia - Essay Example Billabong is an international clothing and accessories company based in Australia. The company operates in several overseas locations and primarily focuses on beachwear and wetsuits for both male and female customers. The company owns several brands such as RVCA, Element, Von Zipper, Xcel, etc (Billabong, 2015). The environmental analysis of the Australian market of beachwear and beach accessories suggests that it is capable of supporting the growth of the industry. The environment of Australia is relatively stable and attracts many tourists from overseas locations to enjoy Australian beaches. The stable political environment also suggests that there are no internal conflicts that may affect the business operations of the company. The stable economic condition of Australia indicates that the customers have the necessary disposable income to purchase the company’s products. Moreover, the social construct of Australia also reflects that people prefer to visit the nearest beaches and enjoy surfing in the sea (CIA, 2015). Thus, the customer base of beach wear and wetsuits is quite huge. The target customers of the company are mostly the young population who prefer visiting beaches and wear fashionable and trendy beach wear and accessories. The company has targeted the customers based on their age group, which mostly ranges between 15-35 years. The company caters its products to the upper middle class of society, who bears both the necessary disposable income and mentality to engage in leisure activities such as hanging out on a beach with friends. The marketing goal of the company is to increase its product portfolio so as to increase the customer footfall and improve its revenue generation and brand equity. This will be achieved by introducing a new product: UV protector spray. The marketing goals involving the new product launch will involve new promotional activities

Ethics in Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics in Law - Research Paper Example The underlying principle of ethics in law enforcement entails stipulation of responsibilities of a police officer. A police officer is mandated with the responsibility of working within the law. His powers and duties must conform to the provisions of statute that outlines their responsibilities. Their fundamental duties includes serving people, maintaining peace, protecting lives and properties as well as ensuring that there is equality in the service delivery to all citizens (Moore and Perez 11). Nevertheless, some police officers conduct themselves in unprofessional manner both in their line of duty and while not working. People have a tendency of monitoring every conduct of police officers perhaps because they are expected to lead by example. Any actions that deviate from what they are expected to do, they are criticized and condemned. However, not every conduct of police officers can be well articulated or stipulated in the law. For instance, there has always been a great debate on whether police officers should take gratuities from the public. However, determination of the ethical issue involved in such a deed goes beyond what law provides. For instance, the issue of the intention of the officer when receiving the gratuity comes in. Some people argue that an officer can accept gratuity from members of the public only if they do not ask for it. Conversely, the issue of human rights and how suspects need to be handled by police officers during arrest has always been contentious. For instance, it has always remained ethical dilemma on what a police officer should do to suspects that resist arrest. It is apparent that lawyers have always had issues with their clients in regard to their conduct during judicial proceedings. However, law societies have with time provided leadership in legal issues by designing professional standards that governs lawyers. Values have been argued

Facebook Addiction Disorder

Facebook Addiction Disorder Facebook Addiction Disorder The social networking site ‘Facebook was officially launched in the year 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg together with his friends Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. Facebook, launched by the worlds youngest billionaire Mark Zuckerberg, has over 300 million users worldwide, half of whom log on to the site every day. He made it as a private site for their high school only. Facebook is currently the number one social networking site, thrashing one-time social network leader MySpace. A program a guy (Mark Zuckerburg) created in his dorm room for a project has had a phenomenal growth with more than 300 million active users of which 50% log on in any given day and has over 70 language translations. With the aid of some friends, the initial aim was to help students keep in touch over the internet and get to know each other better. Within 24 hours, 1,200 Harvard students had signed up and soon after that the network was quickly extended to other colleges and universities. The site has created a platform for over one million developers and entrepreneurs from more than 180 countries and every month, over 70% of Facebook users engage or connected with many applications as close to 20,000 websites, devices and applications have implemented Facebook Connect since December 2008. Communicating has never been easier and Facebook has become the top social networking site that helps people keep in touch. A duplicate of the Harvard University version of ‘Facemash, ‘Facebook is privately owned by Facebook Inc. Initially meant only for university, companies and high school networking in the year 2006 was available for everyone older than 13 years of age, holding a valid email id. It starts with people reconnecting with friends from the past. Then start adding friends from work and then maybe even their friends. Facebook, launched by the worlds youngest billionaire Mark Zuckerberg, has over 300 million users worldwide, half of whom log on to the site every day. Furthermore, about 2 billion photos and 14 million videos are uploaded on various Facebook pages a month and about 6 billion minutes are spent on Facebook a day, worldwide. According to Willis Wee, founder of the social media, this is twice as much time that people spend on Google.The global socia l networking website allows users to post and share content (like photos, links, videos, and notes), play casual games and applications, and interact with friends and family through messaging and chat. . Further, about 2 billion photos and 14 million videos are uploaded on various Facebook pages a month and about 6 billion minutes are spent on Facebook a day, worldwide. This is twice as much time that people spend on Google.[1] The global social networking website allows users to post and share content (like photos, links, videos, and notes), play casual games and applications, and interact with friends and family through messaging and chat. Facebook has become a great way to find old friends, schedule events, play games and even send virtual gifts. But if somebody doing more living online than off, it might be time to reassess. Millions of individuals worldwide are signing up for friendship through a screen. Half of young people aged eight to 17 have their own profile on a social networking site. With more than 200 million active service users throughout the world, Facebook can be visited at www.facebook.com. This social networking site enables users to join one or more networks t o connect with the members of the same group. While earning so much profits from advertising, this network is available for its members at zero cost. Facebooks banner advertising is served by Microsoft Corporation. Some may argue that since these have become just as much as part of daily life as water coolers and word processing programs, these cannot be said as addictive so much as just another daily life tool in the world of the 21st Century. However, just as infatuation with the relation and immediacy of email and web surfing led to a society concern about Internet Addiction or addictive Internet use, the phenomenon of social networking has left the arena of personal and group networking to a very public and constant arena which allows for strong reinforcement of exhibition. Facebook truly is the power of social networking sites, and it would take time to displace it from its present position. When you first heard about Facebook you probably wondered what the big deal was. Then after dealing with more peer pressure than you have probably encountered since you were a teenager, you finally decided to sign up. Now you find you cant go more than 2 hours without checking for updates. There are some clues that showing Facebook has ruled the habitual activity. First is your everyday conversations with friends are peppered with references to Facebook. Second is Facebook is blocked in your office or campus so you bring your own laptop with your own broadband connection. Thirds is using Facebook Mobile. You surf Facebook even on your phone and when you feel the urge to use it, which is often. Fourth is you receive huge pleasure in showing off your old photos to everyone on your friends list, even if it takes 12 hours for you to scan and upload them. Fifth is you think about your farm or your restaurant games even when youre at work or in a business meeting or campus. Youre more worr ied that your plants will wilt and your food will be spoiled. Sixth is your friends are amazed at your level of progress in Facebook games. Youre the Poker King, master farmer in Farmtown and gourmet queen in Restaurant City. Seventh is Google and Twitter come second in your life. Facebook has reached a point where its more important than work and go to campus. Eighth is youre doing like Miss Facebook Congeniality. You dont really know too well half of your friends in your network. Ninth is you go out of your way to add friends. You adding friend just because you have so many mutual friends which is there are possibility where you dont know who he or she is. Tenth is you update your Facebook status five times a day. Eleventh is you spend 20 minutes thinking of a funny status update. Twelfth is youre excited about your planning trip to Bali or wherever, but youre more excited to showing it all off on Facebook. Thirteenth is you are crazy over Facebook so much, youve even think that y ou was born to love those Facebook ads and apps. Fourteenth is the place where you met your boyfriend or girlfriend. Fifteenth is Facebook chat has replaced Yahoo Messenger and Google Talk in your list. Many people want some evidences about the persuasiveness of Facebook that happen in this globalization era. That is so simple actually, if you have a Facebook account, you already know about the real and imagined friends and online acquaintances, school buddies from the past, ex-spouses, military leaders, even the functionary of the state, all addicted and agree to the power of having a Facebook account presence. The amazing thing is that, like cell phones specially Blackberry, nobody seems to notice or realize the huge amount of time, money and energy whether it is at work, at home, and now while on the move, people are most likely adhere to Facebook. It has become a trend among people. Commercial television features closing credits inviting viewers to follow-up via Facebook or Twitter. Even computer hardware advertise their new small pocket PC product by Facebook or Twitter. More and more links on web pages invite sharing on Facebook or RSS feeds or Twitter, then they are all conne cted. Most people are get crazy over the games in Internet or games contest, or games on Facebook, which is can be addictive. We as college students are under the spell of a new modern culture hysteria: the Facebook. People can make new friends and keep in touch with their alumni or the student who just graduate from the high school. By putting some information on Facebook and wall-to-wall, many people get connected. Facebook started to connecting people from time to time. Many Facebook users recommended this â€Å"Facebook† to another people who were not intended to go to the same high school as Facebook made for. By then, Facebook started to be known as the most popular site that people usually visit every day. Many people from worldwide upload photos and videos to Facebook. Even Facebook beat the Yahoo popularity by enriching the application in it, such as chatting, online games, etc. The most shocking point is that Facebook can earn more than millions dollar a day by uploading pictures, videos and advertising from all over the world. Internet Addiction Disorder is becoming a real problem, the most common one is Facebook Addiction Disorder. This â€Å"Facebook Hysteria† may lead us to F.A.D (Facebook Addiction Disorder). Facebook Addiction Disorder describes it as a situation in which Facebook usage overtakes daily activities like waking up, getting dressed, using the telephone, or checking e-mail. Facebook Addiction Disorder could be classified under the more broad internet addiction disorder or internet overuse. It seems that, not surprisingly, mainstream media (like online and off) has become interested specifically in Facebook Addiction Disorder. There so many symptoms that could mean to a Facebook Addict, such as lose sleep over Facebook, spend more than an hour a day on Facebook, become obsessed with old friends reconnect with, ignore work in favor of Facebook, logging off causes anxiety, need for increasing amounts of time on Facebook to achieve satisfaction, important social activities are reduced and transferred it to Facebook, you check your Facebook page before having your first cup of coffee or even before going to the bathroom in the morning, stopping before you leave the house to inform everyone that you are about to leave the house, you are spending more time changing your status update than actually doing anything worth comment on, you are changing your profile picture every time you change your clothes to keep it recent, every time you take a picture you wonder if it is going to be Facebook worthy, you leave a party early because you cant wait to get all of the pictures you just took up on the computer and tagged , you plan all of your social activities on Facebook instead of using the phone, you get jealous of other peoples plans and feel left out even though you dont personally know them, you feel you might need therapy because someone you barely knew 20 years ago wont accept you as a friend, you purposely try to recruit people you do not even know to up your friends count, you pretend that you are doing some really exciting things so others will find you interesting enough to want to be your friend too, Facebooks bookmark takes long time to scroll from top to bottom or 8 of 10 people in your friends list you dont know who they are, start introducing our self by following see you in Facebook when start to meet new person. Facebook addiction is a problem center is starting to see more of, especially in combination with Internet and gaming addictions. Researchers have reported on some of the research and theory relating to Facebook Addiction Disorder or as known as F.A.D, and have silently observed what appears to be a commercially-pleased wave of cell-phone addiction as distinct from social networking addiction[2]. Actually, there are so many addiction disorders in Internet. First is Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD). Second is Youtube Addiction Disorder (YAD). Third is Google Search Addiction Disorder (GSAD). Fourth is Widget Addiction Disorder (WAD). Fifth is Twitter Addiction Disorder (TAD). Sixth is Blackberry Addiction Disorder (BAD). Seventh is Mac Addiction Disorder (MAD). But Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) appears to be the most adhered and self-reinforcing of all scenarios, reinforcing through shared experience, shared creativity, and the ability to be the complete and total leading of the ones Facebook home page. For some the of the applications seem to be totally compelling for hours on end, for others Facebook is used more like email to keep in touch with a group. It could be sometimes serious, sometimes playful, sometimes simply only sharing whole things in mind. But the fact of how adhering Facebook has become culturally is one which is easy to be missed, because everybodys doi ng it or so it seems. The irony of who is most certainly addicted, as included to homework, relationship, or work avoidance even without such a seductive companion as Facebook, is that nobody may be left to observe or treat this huge behavioral phenomenon, as everybody is too focused on walls and apps and networks and finding old new friends. Facebook can unite people from all over the world. Many people using Facebook to seeking the old friend, making new friends, even to post advertising. Many people are used to visit Facebook website every day, every hour, and every minutes. There will always be new post in our new homepage. People are getting lots of fun by this, that it will be able to make them forget about the things that they used to do. This â€Å"Facebook Addict† has been defected many people all around the world, especially in Indonesia. Facebook can bring benefit from us, but it can also bring bad effect for us if we cant control our self. â€Å"I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Inaugural Address, by John F. Kennedy (1961)) The Facebook has become extremely addictive. Many people were addicted to Facebook. They usually forget the things that they used to do before they visit Facebook homepage. There are so many addictive users that should have be warned, like employees, housewives, and children. They should have limitation to visit Facebook homepage. They have their own responsibility when it comes for them to do their duty. Those that may seriously labelled and treat Facebook Addicton Disorder as a behavioral addiction will clearly need to use context in determining if a behavior has become certainly harmful to overall social, work, or interpersonal compatibility. This is one of my friends testimonials about Facebook. She said that she signed onto Facebook in 2006, and when she began, she thought it was just another silly site that she would eventually stop visiting. Perhaps she would forget her password or just not need it at all. Well, she was wrong. As we all know you can get poked which many people have different explanations for it, get listed as a friend, view others profiles or update your own, upload pictures, give a detailed explanation on how and what criteria for you to meet your friends, the list goes on and on and on. Anyone who stops at the Campus Computer Center during lunchtime is definitely and absolutely to see at least two people on the first or lower level on the Facebook. This can be frustrating to those who really need to do things like check their e-mail or bank account. Recently, as discussed in a television show, â€Å"Apa Kabar Indonesia Pagi†, F.A.D or Facebook Addiction Disorder is becoming more infected. It spreads among youth generation and elders as well. The guest speaker of the show says that its not just the hours spent on Facebook that really matters. The games, features and everything in it also. Facebook offers a variety of topic on its groups, its games and its members. As we join, we get in contact with any of this, some good and some bad and we do get some stimulation from this. Those younger than 18 are the ones affected most. They had a hard time differentiating reality from game world, so that thinking of what they do there can be done for real. As the show says, supervision is highly needed for these youngsters and if old enough, pays attention to games life. At times, we live our own life without noticing that our time is being consumed by social networks alone. Many people in the world also complaining and frustrated over Facebook. Here is one story from my friend in High School. The Facebook has become extremely addictive. During mid term, she took an intensive eight hour Japanese course, and before the last day of the course she and her friends were told to get ready to do a debate the next day, without being told specific information on which side we would be debating. Having been told beforehand that the debate would be accounted and worth for 20 percent of their grades, everyone worked hardly the night before to be equipped and ready to debate any possible side of the upcoming debate. The next day, they were given their own sides and were given time until 1:00 p.m in the afternoon to work in the computer lab to do more research to strengthen their positions. They were so panic, especially having less than three hours to prepare for something that accounts more and worth for their grades than anything else. Being in this position, peopl e think everyone would get up to stretch out or have a drink of water before starting. Guess where all the majority of the class went after signing on to their computer accounts? They would say 90 percent went on the Facebook and 5 percent were on AOL Instant Messenger. The worst is that they were on Facebook for at least 20 minutes and they began doing research just to find themselves on the Facebook. It is ridiculous when seeing these people that busy on their Facebook rather than thinking and practicing about their 20 percent accounted grade debate. Many students (and adults) are now seeing Facebook more as an addiction than a networking tool, and psychologists are starting to agree. Students, who have recently observed of taking breaks from homework to take quizzes on what many kinds of other element like lover, animal, serial killer, doctor or rock star one most similar, have already integrated everything from Facebook to texting to I-phones, Blackberry, SMS, and PDA into normal daily life. But there is seems to be a new experience among oldsters and seniors who seem to enjoy the same treats which were intended for college students and then adapted by high school students as well. As with all people are essentially addictive to online activities, people constantly change in their involvement, some periodically checking in to stay in touch, others checking once or twice a day, as an addition information or notifications to phone and e-mail checking, and some are seem to spending quite big portions of time in activities which mi ght be called creative, self-expressing, competitive, or purely social. Certainly, different age groups especially teenagers or students focus on different important activities. Students often sharing their miseries about assignments or gossip about peers, as well as creative videos and self-revealing photos or quiz results. Some students checking in occasionally or only when notified of incoming messages to inbox or wall, but still others are variously posting multiple messages every day relating to habitual daily life activities, or quiz results, or feeling states on Facebook of the moment. One of the ironies is that the smart people who might otherwise be working with people professionally to treat addictions, social isolation, and many more, seem to be anyone else among the most active Facebookers. Employees who work in office often using Facebook during working hours. It is not forbidden for the employees to do so, but they should have a big responsibility also to make a priority for their job. They often out of focus when doing their job. They were so focus on their Facebook that they forget about their duty. The government policy now forbid the existence of Facebook users during working hours. Facebook addiction is costing businesses  £123m each day. Facebook addicts are costing firms at least  £132 million every day in lost productivity. Researchers say the Facebook hysteria is already costing employers  £30.8billion per year and the site is expected to grow ever more popular.[3] Company has revealed the results of a new survey to examine the potential produ ctivity for businesses that allow their employees to access Facebook during office hours. The result shows that almost 50 percent people who work in the office, visit Facebook twice a day during working hours. Each time they visit their Facebook account, it takes them more than 3 hours busy on their Facebook rather than their job. The government have mentioned recently that workers should be given time to use social networking websites such as Facebook in their office. Local companies have banned workers from accessing the site during working hours. Employers fear Facebook is damaging workers productivity. Admittedly, some of the professionals in office hours used to spend their time working on their online games, or knowing who is the best at Bejeweled Blitz and these are often mental health professionals who assumedly spend at least some time off of Facebook, and might be able to absent for a day or two without permission. The most shocking point is that even professionals cannot maintain their working hours, I do speak with adult professionals who say they cannot imagine a period of one whole day or less without checking ones social world via Facebook. One told me it would be like life stopped. Facebook has enabled addicts seem to be busy on the availability of apps, whether self-oriented quizzes or game-playing or being at the center or core of nonstop social opportunity. Like the Internet generally, Facebook has it all, but in a convenient package all in one master home page. Many people have so influenced that Facebook is a part of normal life. We can still hearing people saying â€Å"I woke up in the morning and check out my Facebook†. That habbit has overtaken the peoples usually do like waking up, getting dressed, and finding or checking the cell phone which is that it has become as much as part of the invisible decoration of normal daily life as using the telephone or checking email. For better and worse, like many Internet tools, this can be both an opportunity and challenge, and for many employees it is easy to strike a perfect truancy at work. For many people especially those who not already invested and addicted in maintaining personal homepages, blogs, photo-sharing collections, IM networks, Facebook offers the perfect menu of opportunity. It may be similar to the proverbs like the kid in the candy store who cannot turn away from every temptation in sight, for hours of time supposedly spent on work, homework, housework, or relationship wo rk, who may have a problem. It is when one person cannot leave the continuous activation or reinforcement of a daily or hourly or constantly activity that one may assess it has become a problem. For others, its a wonderful activity like Facebook-ing available whenever one person is in the mood for hanging out with friends online or checking in without the need to do so on a constant and urgent basis. The situation can lead them to depositions from the office, they can lose their job if this is keep happening. It is so pathetic to see those people who we thought they were working behind their computer but the fact is that they were busy with their Facebook. Many companies are now aware that Facebook brings with it a series of security concerns, particularly the risk of employees revealing sensitive or confidential information to the wider world. When combined with the threat of an accompanying productivity decline, they may well decide that social-networking at work is simply more trouble than its worth. In modern life, the appeal of social networking sites to children is easy to understand. As many parents now consider playing outside too dangerous, a child confined to the home can find at the keyboard the kind of freedom of interaction. Facebook can be ruined our time management also. Children are the must-concerned case nowadays. They visit their Facebook homepage every day that it will reduce their time to study. Facebook stands as a revolutionary way for friends to stay in touch, regardless and no matter what of the age. It also stands as being highly addictive to adults and children alike, according to psychologists. If we think children is spending too much time on Facebook to the exclusion of their real life, we may be wondering what we could do to prevent it. It can also lead somebody to be a procrastinator by putting off doing things which it can damage our time management skills. It can bring bad effect not only for the result of the work, but also for the future of the employee itself. The majority of people in the world have Facebook accounts, and if the Facebook progresses and adds cool features like be able to add video to our profiles or, iTunes collaborated, most of us will need a break just to function normally. Along with television, instant messaging, and the daily jokes, people could conclude that the Facebook is the biggest far procrastination tool against college students. Many newsletters have been warned many people by reporting case by case that caused by â€Å"Facebook Addict†. Domesticity is also affected by Facebook Addiction. Spouse separation is a common thing that happens in this life, but it is not common until that separation is caused by Facebook. Facebook status which can be updated anytime and based on that persons mood can also ruin relationship between this spouse. It is surely that everybody is all aware by now, Facebook, when it is used recklessly, can get you into trouble. Firings, break-ups and general crime are no strangers to the social networking site. But Facebook trouble can be much more horrifying than all that. Take a look behind the break and catch a glimpse of Facebooks dark criminal. Facebook has so many users from all over the world. Each users have their own password to protect their privacy on their account. We cant look at someones homepage without knowing their password. We cant even look at their message without logging in to their protected homepage. Sending any personal info or incriminating pictures to someone on Facebook is a huge mistake for many reasons. One of the worst possible outcomes is getting blackmailed for money, sex, or, well, anything these sickness of dream up. It is happening whether theyre using a fake profile or not, its a horrible idea. Read up on the story of an 18-year-old who blackmailed 31 male classmates after he posed as a girl and asked for nude pictures. Thats give us lesson enough to not blackmailed. Cyber crime can be happened anytime in Facebook without knowing who has done it. Privacy policy is strongly implemented in Facebook except we know how to hack it. Many cyber crimes happen in Facebook as it has become the most popular website that people are common to visit it every day. Yet, privacy doesnt guarantee us to slip away from cyber crime. It can be also surely harmless to imitating a celeb online or create a fake profile for a movie character. But seriously, theres a definite line or limit that you shouldnt have crossed when pretending to be someone else and it can lead to several consequences for you. Social networking sites has been blamed for a lot of things, fair or unfair, but in my opinion, the worst offense has been their indirect involvement in suicides. Obviously, there are a lot of factors responsible in each case, but there is seem to be links between social networking and suicides. A man killed his wife just because of a posting that she made on the site. The m an has been jailed for life for stabing and sending his wife to death just because she changed her online profile to â€Å"single† days after he had moved out. It sounds really funny and impossible, but it is real and its happening. The news has reported that there is a man on wanted by Indonesian Police Force because he deceived people by his crime case. He was found in his guilty by updating his status on Facebook whereas people will notice that it is him. Facebook inbox can also fully loaded of junk mail. Many advertising or some unimportant mails were received in the inbox. Facebook also send us a notification in the e-mail inbox to inform us that notification. Some people consider it as a junk mail also. This is not so important to send it to e-mail inbox, as it can be seen when the users visit their homepage. Facebook is not only give bad effect for the users. Of course, there are so many benefit from Facebook. Advertising in Facebook is a common thing that occurred in every users homepage or profile. Facebook also provide some columns for advertising to advertise some products in the website. There are so many kinds of advertising in Facebook. It is always shown in the right side of the homepage. Facebook can also make a good media for advertising company to post their ads. It is saving money to post ads in Facebook. They have so many ways of advertising. Many people advertise their products by creating new account or group from users, so they can visit the ads profile every time they logging in. it doesnt cost a lot of money, they just have to spend money for the internet pulse. Facebook is a good strategy for advertising. Trillions of people in the world know Facebook, even they have made Facebook as their first homepage every time they log in. If the ads is already posted, the users from all over the world are automatically will see the ads. It is not only saving money, but also a good strategy for advertising media. By post advertising in Facebook, it can also saving time. It is an efficient and effective way to post an advertising. Many people get busy and complicated when it is time for them to advertise a product. They have to cooperate with some advertising media and company which can take lots of time and money by doing it. Advertising in Facebook doesnt need to do so, cause all we have to do is upload the ads and just pay the internet bills per kilo byte to post the ads. So, it is an efficient and effective way to maintain time management. If you are not already making use of Facebook as a method of marketing your business or niche marketing, then we are absolutely miss out on a great opportunity to reach out to hundreds and millions of active users. Today, Facebook has become one of the most popular online social networking websites, making it a quite untouched network for traffic and business. People spend a great amount of time online on the Facebook website looking to make new friends, interact and get connected with people, play games and interact within interest groups. When you make it possible for our advertising message to travel to these people through Facebook, we will absolutely see a big chance in the amount of website traffic that we attract with, and we will also see more members, more subscriptions, more sales and more inquiries as well. Here are three of the possible ways for us to advertise your business, product or service through Facebook social networking. First is Social Ads on Facebook. This is one of the most straight forward ways that we can promote yourself on Facebook. We can use social ads to target people based on a number of different functions including age group, gender and interest for example. By targeting our ads in this manner, we can increase our product interest, which is our click through rate. This will give us more visitors to our site and also an increase in the number of customers that we are able to attract. Make sure to throw a picture up in our ads because ads with images capture more attention and tend to attract more clicks as well. Second is Groups and Pages on Facebook. We can create groups and pages for our business, company or website on Facebook, and then we can get people to become a fan of our page or to join our group. Use the invite function for groups to get all of our friends to join, or tell our friends about our page so that they can become a fan. Both pages and groups are two excellent channels that we can use to gather more potential customers as well to build more brand awarene

Galileo :: essays research papers

Galileo Galileo was born in Pisa in 1564, the son of Vincenzo Galilei, well known for his studies of music. He studied at Pisa, where he later held the chair in mathematics from 1589 - 1592. He was then appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610. During these years he carried out studies and experiments in mechanics, and also built a thermoscope. He devised and constructed a geometrical and military compass, and wrote a handbook, which describes how to use this instrument. In 1594 he obtained the patent for a machine to raise water levels. He invented the microscope, and built a telescope with which he made celestial observations, the most spectacular of which was his discovery of the satellites of Jupiter. In 1610 he was nominated the foremost Mathematician of the University of Pisa and given the title of mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He studied Saturn and observed the phases of Venus. In 1611 he went to Rome. He became a mem ber of the Academia dei Lincei and observed the sunspots. In 1612 he began to encounter serious opposition to his theory of the motion of the earth that he taught after Copernicus. In 1614, Father Tommaso Caccini denounced the opinions of Galileo on the motion of the Earth from the pulpit of Santa Maria Novella, judging them to be erroneous. Galileo therefore went to Rome, where he defended himself against charges that had been made against him but in 1616, he was admonished by Cardinal Bellarmino and told that he could not defend Copernican astronomy because it went against the doctrine of the Church. In 1622 he wrote the Saggiatore (The Assayer), which was approved and published in 1623. In 1630 he returned to Rome to obtain the right to publish his Dialogue on the two chief world systems, which was eventually published in Florence in 1632. In October of 1632 the Holy Office to Rome summoned him. The tribunal passed a sentence condemning him and compelled Galileo to solemnly abjur e his theory. He was sent to exile in Siena and finally, in December of 1633, he was allowed to retire to his villa in Arcetri, the Gioiello. His health condition was steadily declining, - by 1638 he was completely blind, and also by now bereft of the support of his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, who died in 1634.

Personal Learning Paper for Organizational Behavior

Besides listing my biggest take away, I hope to be able to create a development plan that would help me learn and hone these essential soft skills. By writing this paper I would like to achieve fine tuning of certain skills that I already believe I have as well as learn a few new skills that I don’t think I possess right now. Personally, before I leave Great Lakes and go back again into the working world with my guns blazing, learning about these before hand is extremely beneficial. While some of the articles make me more confident about getting into the corporate world, some make me feel that I may not appreciate the learning’s unless there is some circumstantial relation to it. When I first attended the organizational behavior class, I did not know what to expect. I was expecting an analysis on how corporate and organizations work from a very analytical viewpoint. I realized in the first class that there is so much more to organization behavior that I bargained for. I will start with the two most exciting exercises that were given to us during the lecture which revealed traits within me I was completely unaware of. The Big Five Locator: I always believe that my emotional level was somewhere between responsive and reactive but the score indicated that I had a very high negative emotionality. I was always a very emotional person and I believed it to be normal for everyone but after coming here and interacting with around three hundred odd colleagues I realized I was way too emotional. This task helped me know a little more about myself. Managing Perceptions: This exercise revealed the huge difference between what I perceived about myself and what others did. I always found status and high self esteem to be most important to me but others rated my social nature highest. I also realized that I had rated people highest in parts where I would have rated myself highest. This further clarified that people tend to see others the way they are. That session indeed was an eye opener for me. I have had the experience of working and seeing settings where the people and the corporate cultures of the companies were all different. I worked in a private organization whereas my dad is working in central government organization. I have found that there is a great difference in the both the behaviour of people and of their organizations. One simple example is that of the ability of an employee to act independently without direct instructions from his or her boss. In many Government organizations, acting without direct instructions is considered a form of disrespect towards the supervisor, who is generally offended by such behaviour. I now understood why such organizations tend to have low operating efficiency. Its because the employees lose their innate ability to take the initiative. On the other side in private institutions you have freedom to some extent in doing things the way you would prefer to do. The difference in efficiency of both the organizations is very obvious. Every individual, connected or member of some group, is actively seeking opportunities at work to involve in decision-making problems. They are hungry for the chance to share what they know and to learn from the experience. So, organization should provide them a chance to express their opinions, ideas and suggestion for decision-making problem. A meaningful involvement can bring mutual benefit for both parties. But this does not compensate for the flaws that private organizations currently have. After the session on perception I found myself included in the culprit list for stereotyping and greatly influence by ‘Horns Effect’. I can now see many positives that my manager had but I could not see those and was blindfolded by the single negative trait of his. In all the learning that I have received till now in this course I have found that the most important factor in successful businesses lies in how the business is able to exploit its resources to meet the needs of its target markets. Human resources ultimately make possible the full utilization of the other resources, even including that of the most advanced and powerful new technologies. The essence of success at leveraging resources is managing people and their behavior. With the introduction and development of the idea of employee empowerment, organizational behavior is now being determined by the participation of more people throughout the organization rather than just a few senior level managers. One quality that my manger lacked was treating his followers or employees as a ‘Whole Person’ and not an individual. Every person’s personal life is not detached from his working life. As an example, a student who attends the very first class of the college’s day is always anxious for his/her friends are coming today or not. Similarly, mother always thinks about her children, whatever work she may be doing. As a result, its impact falls on his/her concentration that means his or her working life. For this reason, we cannot separate it. So leaders or managers should treat the followers or employee as a whole person as these behaviors are humane. I am only half way through the course but have got so many future ideas that I will implement once I am again exposed to corporate world. I am interested in determining the specific factors that determine the different behaviors of employees and how they work together to form the behavior of the organization, as well as finding ways to modify such behaviors to make for a healthier and properly functioning organization. The incidents in the past, the learning that I got from them and the actual interpretation from those now after this course would definitely help be become a manager equipped with both technical as well as behavioral skills. I can now understand the needs of my employees more efficiently and follow all the necessary steps to fulfill them. â€Å"The Confessions† by Rousseau stated that the least knowledge acquired by humans is knowledge about humans. Knowing yourself and fellow mankind are extremely important in life as well as in management. After the end of the course I hope to be able to contribute to other people, my country, society and life as a whole by realizing self-actualization and self-fulfillment through the study of organizational behavior.

Act One Scene One of Measure for Measure

Act One Scene One of ‘Measure for Measure’ is a scene surrounded in ambiguity and complex character motives. In this scene the Duke of Vienna meets with his aged advisor Esacalus to discuss his immediate and unexplained departure from Vienna and his plans to appoint Angelo to rule in his stead. The play simply starts with the Duke saying â€Å"Esacalus†[1]. Using the noun in an almost imperative form is an indication of how much power the Duke really has and how much power the Duke will be handing over to someone as inexperienced as Angelo. This instantly begs the question why is he not leaving Escalus in charge? One opinion, which I support, is that the Duke is a Machiavellian Character who is hoping that Angelo fails so that when he returns the people will love him. Due to this manipulative attitude he cannot select Escalus as he may believe that Escalus may actually do a better job than him, something he cannot risk. This concept of deceit and manipulation is backed up by the fact that throughout the initial speech by the Duke he seems to actively aim to make Escalus feel of less value than he is worth. An example of this is â€Å"But that, to your sufficiency, as your worth is able†[2]. The use of words such as â€Å"sufficiency† appear to be designed to make Escalus feel like he is only just good enough and nothing more than that. That way the Duke does not disenchant him completely with the world of politics but instead keeps him in his place. This theory is backed up once more by Escalus’s response to the dukes rhetorical questioning in which he says â€Å"If any in Vienna be of worth [†¦] It is Lord Angelo†[3]. This line, I believe, would be read in an almost sarcastic way as if he is mocking Angelo and the Duke. Once Angelo arrives; the Dukes tone, while no less powerful and demanding, becomes more focussed on flattering Angelo than it does demoralising Escalus. The Dukes attempts at flattery such as, â€Å"Thyself and thy belongings are not thine own so proper as to waste†[4], promote the idea that the Duke really wants Angelo to take the position; perhaps he fears that if Angelo won’t then he will have to promote Escalus to the position instead. This section of the scene also introduces the idea and theme of Actions versus Words. This is primarily shown when Angelo says â€Å"Let there be some more test made of my metal†[5] implying that, while he is simply employing fake modesty, he is saying he should be tested further before he is given this position. The way the Duke says â€Å"We have with leavened and preparà ¨d choice proceeded to you†[6], I believe, is his way of saying we have talked enough on the matter brings the play back to Actions versus Words. Some people are of the opinion that the Duke is simply a bad leader who is fleeing when times turn bad. â€Å"Our haste from hence is of so quick condition that it [†¦] leaves unquestioned matters of needful value†[7] is one such occasion where this point is made as the Duke is leaving them and it appears he has not even come up with a valid reason to tell even his closet advisors and Lords. I believe that, while one cannot escape the fact that he is displaying all the qualities of a terrible ruler, this is not the primary reason for him leaving. On balance I believe that the Duke’s departure in this scene is due to the manipulative nature of his character and is driven by his desire to be loved by the people. The Duke does however claim that he does â€Å"not like to stage [himself] to their eyes†[8] but I believe this to be simple lies told by him to make himself look better and more modest in front of the other Lords, more people who he wants to love him. I believe this theory encompasses other plausible theories such as the idea that he is simply a bad leader and the theory that suggests he fears the people do not need a Duke anymore as through this theory the people would think him a great leader and they would realise that they did need a Duke. Due to this I believe it is the best theory to explain the Duke’s sudden departure.

Butane Report essays

Butane Report essays There are several different names for butane which includes normal butane, butyl hydride, LPG (liquified petroleum gas), UN 1011, C4H10, MAT15370, and RTECS EJ4200000. Butane is in the chemical family of hydrocarbons and aliphatic. Butane is a colorless and flammable gas with a very unpleasant odor, is found in natural gas, light crude oil, and gases formed when heavy oil is cracked or broken down chemically to produce gasoline. Butane, either of two saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, with the chemical formula C4H10 liquefies under pressure at ordinary temperatures. In both compounds the carbon atoms are joined in an open chain. In n-butane (normal), the chain is continuous and unbranched whereas in i-butane (iso) one of the carbon atoms forms a side branch. This difference in structure results in small but distinct differences in properties. In the butane molecule, there were four groups around the central atom. The electronic geometry was a tetrahedral and the molecular geometry was bent. The bond angles around each central atom were 109.5Â °. Butane is a non-polar molecule, which means there is no dipolemoment. As stated in the description, there are two structural isomers of butane which will be discussed in usages. Mixtures of liquefied butane are called LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), a fuel used in industry, trucks, and homes in isolated areas. Butanes are also added to gasoline to increase its volatility (evaporation rate) in cold climates. Isobutane, a form of butane, is used to make high-octane gasolines. However, n-butane is converted to butadiene, which is used to make synthetic rubber and latex paints. Both butanes occur in natural gas, petroleum, and refinery gases. They make up the most volatile portion of gasoline and are sometimes added to propane to be marketed as bottled gas. ...

Afghan Communism and Soviet Intervention

Afghan Communism and Soviet Intervention The purpose of this paper is to get a better perspective and understanding of Afghan communism and the Soviet intervention by critically analyzing the communism ideology and how it aided the Soviet Union to join the war in Afghanistan. Communism as an ideology was by extent borrowed from the Marxist philosophy.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Afghan Communism and Soviet Intervention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communism by large and far is both a political and economic doctrine that advocated for public ownership and control of major facets of production, thus becoming a form of socialism. This way of thinking came about as a means to counter the American ideology of capitalism, which was seen to entail cut throat competition that further empowered the policy of having private property. To help us grasp the idea of Afghan communism, it is critical to have an understanding of her history. 0ver the year s, Afghanistan was under a monarch rule. Mohammed Zahir Shar was the king until July 17th, 1973 when he was ousted by his brother in-law and cousin, general Daoud Khan who brought an end to the monarch rule and led to the formation of the republic of Afghanistan. In 1979, a group of leftist led by Nur Mohammed Taraki, Kamal Barbrak and Amin Hafizullar organized a coup d’Ã ©tat. After the former government was withdrawn, Taraki became the new president while the post of the prime minister was given to Hafizullah. As for Kamal, he sought exile in Moscow. Taraki went to Moscow to meet Leonid Brezhnev, the president. Brezhnev advised him to do away with his Prime Minister Hafizulla, but among his security details a guard who was Hafizulla agent and reported the matter to Amin Hafizulla. Nur Mohammed summoned Amin who agreed to the summons on the pre-condition that his safety was to be guaranteed by the Soviet government through its ambassador. The Soviet embassy agreed to provid e Amin with security. Having been forewarned, Amin used the palace guards to take Tariki hostage and assumed leadership of the country. Tariki died shortly of undisclosed illness. Under Amin’s rule the soviet wanted to put their troops in Afghanistan in anticipation of the American invasion of Iran much to Amin’s willingness. Eventually, the soviet invaded Afghanistan through paratroopers and killed Amin. These led to the occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. The death of Amin paved way for Babrak Karmal to take over the leadership mantle as the head of Afghanistan’s government.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government led by Babrak suffered a series of splits which prompted the Soviets to seek Babrak’s replacement with Mohammed Najibullah who was by then the head of the PDPA. Babrak took a conceited role in enga ging the Soviets. He eventually succeeded in taking power from Babrak Karmal. The civil war within Afghanistan was felt beyond the boundaries of Afghanistan. The civil war prompted peace talks in Geneva. As a solution for the continued conflict, the Geneva talks came up with a 9 moth timeline that would see the withdrawal of troops from the troubled Pakistan. These led to the creation of a neutral state of Afghanistan and allowed for Afghan refugees to come back to their country. The agreement between the faction groups was to be guaranteed by the Soviet Union and the United States. By 15th February 1989, the last of Soviet troops had withdrawn as stipulated by the agreement schedule. However, the withdrawal did not bring either lasting peace or lessen the resentment from most Afghans and so Afghanistan plunged from one civil war to another. From the analyzed history, it is important to mention that through the invasion of Afghanistan it led to speedy adoption of communism through a ssimilation or imposition. The effect was tremendous and far- reaching as it led to a ten year civil war between the soviet troops and the Afghan guerillas or the Mujahedeen. The war escalated to a holy war (jihad) and served as a rallying force for many Muslims who were drawn from across the Muslim world to fight on the side of the guerillas. Reports based on the 9/11 commission reveals that most schools, mosques and some boarding houses were used for the purpose of recruiting youths for the jihad across the world including the United States. The ultimate result of Afghan communism, as identified by Bradsher, (2001) was the rise of more violent movements that were first aided by Britain, America and the republic of Saudi Arabia, but down the line, the friendship between these nations deteriorated and the situation graduated to terrorism. The ideology leveled by the soviet to the Afghan people lost a sense of direction when the Soviet Union collapsed. However, this did not mean the end of radical socialism, but in effect; it brought in a new wave of communism from the wide known economic point of view to a more political idealism that was now headed by the KGB. The Soviet Union had failed in its quest to spread their ideology which had also impacted on their economy negatively.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Afghan Communism and Soviet Intervention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communism had to change its face and this was brought to play by Yuri Andropov who took over the reigns of the KGB in 1967. This branch of the Russian security service was transformed to become an independent, fully fledged unit within the Soviet State. Yuri Andropov also championed the financing activities for various uprisings in Europe, the Middle East and in Africa. These uprisings were initially started as student uprisings especially in northern Europe and in the Middle East. Yuri used a different a pproach; that of business, especially in oil which was meant to cut of the west especially America that depended on oil products imported from the oil rich gulf-region. He was also pro-active in the formation of a group of young Muslim fundamentalist from the various Islamic countries who resided in America as either students or workers. Some of this recruits assisted to form the Muslim brotherhood movement. What remains as the most controversial point in Afghan communism is the fact that the rise of Islamism militias lies squarely on both the infiltration by either the KGB or the CIA, with both parties rooting for their interest within Afghanistan and Pakistan. This is supported by the reports of personalities such as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, a sympathizer and also a pro-active associate of the communist regime in Kabul. The most shocking analysis about Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is how he ended up becoming an operative of the Pakistan ISI and even getting both financial and weapons from Amer ica in aid of the Taliban in the 1980s, despite being known for his support for the terrorist and his affiliation to militias in Iran. Others have suggested that this could only have been possible through the infiltration of the CIA by KGB. Others have argued that the CIA lacked the intelligence to have foreseen the consequence of their involvement with these individuals who mostly tried to use the resources’ of the United States to expound on their agenda. However, it is important to mention that not all socialist ideologists have contributed to this radical wave of violence; rather, it is the extremist side that has led to the formation on internal self-grown terrorists who are affiliated to these extremists.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To enhance this knowledge, it is critical to look at how the Taliban came to be. Taliban was established by Mullah Omar who was joined in 1984 by Osama bin Laden in Pakistan and took part in the 1987 battle. In autumn, of 1989 Bin Laden’s mentor, Massud, was assassinated and he took the reigns of al-Qaayd. Osama sent most of the fighters at home and abandoned his base in the frontier town of Peshawar in the pretext that Saudi Arabia had issued a decree for his death. By 1991, still the communists’ regime controlled and governed Kabul and when matters started to take shape in the Soviet Central Asia, Bin Laden changed his focus and apparent interests in destabilizing the Russian ideology and control to targeting pro-American governments’ supporters in Africa, and Europe. Bin Laden only returned to Afghanistan through the invitation of Hikmatyar in 1996 to join him and also as a refugee, but to his shock, most of his allies had shifted together with the communist generals to Mullah Omar’s camp. He also followed suit. All through the post-Soviet era, Russia misled the Afghan government of Burhanuddin Rabbani (1992-2001), of loyal support whereas most of its former commanders paid tribute to Hikmatyar. Reference Bradsher, H., S. (2001). Afghan Communism and Soviet Intervention. New Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Why Introverts are Vital to the Health Care Team

Why Introverts are Vital to the Health Care Team If you’ve spent any time in the industry, you know that the typical state of any health care facility is controlled chaos: patients stream in and out in need of attention, while doctors, nurses, assistants, and techs all work together to keep the machine running. If you thrive on solitude, can you make it in this profession? There has been a lot of talk lately about the role of introverts in society (people who feel more comfortable focusing inward on thoughts and feelings rather than outward on interactions with others). Popular opinion used to be that you were doomed if you weren’t commanding and outwardly confident.  But people are starting to realize that introspection is a very valuable professional skill–especially in medicine, when dealing with the important topic of patients’ health.Starting in undergraduate school, and then through professional studies, introverts learn to rely on themselves to weather the most challenging storms. Building up a quiet confidence comes in extremely handy when life-or-death challenges are thrown your way in the working world.You also have a skill set the more social of your peers struggle with: the ability to tap into the more emotional and sensitive side of patients.  In fact, if you identify as an introvert you likely will not only survive–you will thrive in patient relations, one of the toughest parts of the job.Embrace your ability to be quiet and thoughtful. Then, learn to work with extroverted colleagues to create a medical team that can handle all sides of patients’ needs.  Your introversion is not a liability, it’s a bonus!Can Introverts Survive in Medicine?

The role realism plays in the Novel farewell to arms Research Paper

The role realism plays in the Novel farewell to arms - Research Paper Example He uses plain language that can clearly describe how real the actions in the novel were. Ernest’s novel resolves around the real happening of the world war. He brings in the real actions in a narration style. This style ensures that all the scenes and occurrence are described in clear and simple manner that makes it easier for the readers to understand them. The simple language used ensures that the description of the novel can have similar description from different readers since the narration in clear and does not need deep thinking, which bring make readers understand it differently (Halliday, 214). The theme of love, war, friendship, individualism, identity and patriotism are all described in a plain language that shows bow real were the occurrences. However, realism has played a big role in creating these themes and also characters. In the novel, war is has been glamorized. It has been described in a real way that shows clearly how the war was. War is described in a horri fied way according to how the ambulance driver views. War is a game where only the poor people are one who suffers. This is true even in the reality. In most cases, the poor are the one who are affected by war. This is evidenced in the novel where Henry eats the macaroni that was hit by the mortar. War is not a patriotic action but is a very tiresome activity. Rinaldi refers war as a disease. This is because he suffered from gonorrhea that he thought everyone has the diseases. However, from is view, war is great but when it is too much I can make pleasurable thing to be tiresome. Like a disease, wars spreads until people wish there could a cure for it (Halliday, 219). Therefore, cure will allow people to breath well before the next outbreak is realized. The novel also describes the real brutality that was taking place the war. It gives the real happenings of war. Some people like Henry removed themselves of the war while others who were naive still embraced the war. The novel descri bes how the Italian army caused violent chaos and destruction. Henry shot an innocent engineer who refused to free the car from the mud. This killing showed that war has inevitable occurrences. From the author’s suggestion, war is dark and murderous activity that refuses to preserve or protect the true love (Lehan, 67). Realism has been used to build the theme of games and divertissement. People are tired of war. They are trying to do other activities to deviate themselves from it. They want to avoid thinking about the war by engaging in other activities. This is realistic in a way that when one wants to avoid other things, he or she has to engage in other activities that bring diversion (Phillips, 29). Many characters in the novel try to diversify themselves from the horrors of were. They involve themselves with pleasurable activities. Henry and Catherine deviate themselves from war by flirting to forget their personal troubles. This flirting helps henry to forget about the war and enables Catherine to forget thinking about her fiancee she lost in the war. They involve themselves in horse races to ensure that their minds are far ways from the war troubles. Henry’s relationship with Catherine has caused him some suffering. To avoid thinking about that, he involves himself in pooling game with Count Greffi (Halliday, 224). Realism has also been used to

Regional Politics (Africa, Middle East or East Asia) Essay

Regional Politics (Africa, Middle East or East Asia) - Essay Example In terms of attitude, consolidating democracy entails the majority believing in democratic procedures that they view as adequate to facilitate governance regardless of major economic issues. Further, the majority inclining to pro-democracy forces consolidates democracy in this sense because of minimal support for other systems of governances. Constitutionally, consolidating democracy involves a process whereby both governmental and anti-governmental forces, ascribe to specific laws or institutions established because of a new democratic process (Mottiar, 2002). On the other hand, a school of thought views democratic consolidation as vague, ethnocentric and teleological in terms of not offering a plausible mechanism of assessing the longevity of the democratization process. The proponents considering the process of consolidating democracy as being vague support their arguments by highlighting on the new democracies as a way of determining whether new democracies can maintain democracy in the form. Further, assessing new democracies assist to gain an understanding of the fallacy related to electroralism because a new democracy embraces an election process. Democracies exists that offer electoral democracy, but denies freedom or rights that accompany the principles of establishing democracies (Friedman, 2011). On another note, Mottiar (2002) states that, certain conditions needs to exist prior to acknowledging the consolidation of democracy. This involves conditions that facilitate the establishment of a free civil society where, autonomous groups or movements can articulate their values and develop associations to enhance their interests. Further, there is a need to promote a political society that is autonomous and ideal for political actors to embrace competition by following the legitimate process in pursuit of public power. The core institutions that need to be streamlined in this sense include the political parties, political leadership, electoral rules, int er-party alliances, legislature and elections. In addition, the dominant political actors within a state and including the government should adhere to the rule of law that purposely protects the freedom of individuals. This rule of law entails embracing constitutionalism as a way of promoting good governance from the state administration and the elected government. State bureaucracy also needs to be in place to achieve democratic consolidation since, state bureaucracy ensures that the citizen’s rights are protected and provided with the basic services. An institutionalized economy is also important for democratic consolidation in the sense that, institutionalized economy facilitates the enactment of policies and establishing institutions ideal for sustaining a mixed economy. As argued by Mottiar (2002), democratic consolidation cannot occur in an environment of commanding economies since, market autonomy and diversity in terms of ownership, is critical in establishing an inde pendent civil society. Conversely, democratic consolidation cannot thrive in an environment that embraces completely free market economy. This is because,

International and Comparative Human Resource Management Essay - 2

International and Comparative Human Resource Management - Essay Example Through the cluster analysis, Sparrow together with other fellow researchers was able to cluster the countries of the world into five distinctive cultural zones. The identified clusters were cultural Island 1, 2, and 3, Anglo-Saxon cluster, and Latin cluster. Cultural Island 1 cluster comprised of France, cultural Island 2 comprised of Korea, and cultural Island 3 comprised of Japan. The other two remaining clusters of Anglo-Saxon and Latin comprised of UK, Australia, Canada, USA, Germany and Italy for Anglo-Saxon cluster and Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico for Latin cluster. This academic paper will categorically look at distinguishing cultural characteristics of Korea and UK. The two selected countries fall under cultural Island 2 cluster and Anglo-Saxon cluster respectively. Culture of the United Kingdom The cultural classification of United Kingdom comprises of patterns of symbolism and human activity, some of the cultures which were practiced in the UK are; Language As in the case of other nations and states, the language of the UK is English. This language is spoken by close to 90% of the total residents. Some countries which form the framework of UK like Wales at times use their national Welsh language more so in schools (Calder, 2007 pp.21). Use of languages like Gaelic has also been popularized in countries like Scotland; however, English has remained the official language in the entire UK. Arts UK is known for arts in terms of literature where some of the renowned poets like William Shakespeare hail from this great country. The culture of literature was inherited from countries like England and Scotland. The earlier existing written literatures were drafted in languages like Celtic and Anglo-Saxon. Theatre Dating back to 1707, UK was able to inherit theatre culture from Scotland and England and they were able to create a theatre district called West End (Calder, 2007 pp.31). This district was found in West End of London and it was the home of known thea tre halls like Theatre Royal and Convent Garden. Music Use of patriotic songs like Rule, Britannia and the national anthem of God Save the Queen are some of the songs that are dominant in the UK. UK has many music composers and use of several genres like jigs, hornpipes, and dance songs were some of the customary components of the folk songs. Film was also one of the UK cultures where it had some of the most skilful films actors and producers like James Bond. Religion Protestant is the religion found in the UK; moreover, Anglican Christian is dominant in this country followed by other religions like Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Sikhism (Calder, 2007 pp.47). Culture of Korea Korea was divided into two countries North and South Korea; however, some of the distinguishing cultures of Korea are Traditional arts Traditional arts comprise of the traditional dance, painting, crafts, and ceramics, all these categories played an important role in the traditional arts. Dance Korea h ad two distinguish dancing styles which are folk and court dance. Some of the dances are jeongjaemu and ilmu dance which were performed in banquets and rituals respectively. Jeongjaemu dance was auxiliary distributed into instinctive dances such as jeongjae and dangak and the two styles were inherited from Asia and China. The common dance of Ilmu was also divided into munmu also called civil dance and mumu also known as military dance (John, 2002 pp.170). During the dancing festivals, traditional clothing called genja was worn, Genja clothing had several

A comparison & contrast of two comparable company leaders Essay

A comparison & contrast of two comparable company leaders - Essay Example Businesses have increasingly discovered that their successful survival depends largely on their capacity to leverage collective knowledge which consequently depends on the cadre of supervisors and leaders that they possess in order to meet the growing demands of speed and innovation in the fast moving business world. Leadership has attained importance in its ability to influence individuals and groups in directing and supporting their efforts towards accomplishments of organization goals and objectives. Leaders have been recognized as heroic figures that have the capabilities to determining the future and fate of the organization. The search for the leadership traits and characteristics has been continuing for centuries and extensive research has been conducted to find the qualities distinguishing an individual as a leader. History suggests that different leaders have followed different leadership styles over the years; while some have been participative others have been autocratic. However, this largely depends on the personal characteristics of the individuals standing out as leaders. This project seeks to bring forth the differences and similarities of leadership styles pursued by Bill Gates and Steve Jobs who are owners of Microsoft and Apple respectively. This is done with particular reference to the theories of leadership and real life examples from organizations. Steve Jobs has been an unconventional leader and is known as for ability of building consensus and consultative approach. His leadership style demanded high degree of excellence and accuracy from his co-workers and he was known for his blunt release of criticisms. On the other hand, Bill Gates is known for his technical bent of mind and demonstrates task oriented leadership style where he is found to be mostly concerned with the accomplishment of tasks and organizational objectives. Leadership style of Steve Jobs In order to understand the core steps and ideas which led to the growth of Apple an d accounted for its success, it is crucial to make a thorough understanding of the leadership style followed by Steve Jobs who had been the CEO of the company during the same period. One of the statements made by Steve Jobs throws light on the style of leadership that Steve Jobs he considered adopting. He had said that innovation is the main distinguishing factor between a leader and a follower. Innovation has been the key to the style of leadership that Steve Jobs has followed in his organization. Also his leadership style has made innovation easily accessible to all his customers such that they remain open to acquiring his products frequently (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2010, p.352). In this context it is surprising to note that Steve Jobs did not successfully graduate from any college. He rather devoted all his time to technologies and innovations in his domain. Thus it can be inferred that leadership is a feature which cannot be acquired, rather individuals are born with the cha racteristics. Steve Jobs is considered to be the central personality in his organization. He has become the icon in the organization and seems to have developed a cult-like personality. This is the reason why Apple is considered to be personality driven (Dailey, 2011). Charismatic Leadership Style followed by Steve Jobs Charismatic leadership typically instils submission and awe in the minds of the followers

Choose a case study organisation. Make an evaluation of the reward Essay

Choose a case study organisation. Make an evaluation of the reward implementation problem. Offer recommendations that are logical, viable and scheduled. Offer some costings - Essay Example As for the social factors, issues such as immigration, emigration, and poverty are bound to surface. Employment relations in this context refer to the business relationship between employer and the worker(s). Perkins & White (2011) argue that it plays an important role in the motivation of the employees, building the organization’s reputation; ensuring that there is efficiency in the operations; and maximization of output or production and profit margins (Rose, 2008). There are two main approaches to employment relation. Wilkinson &Townsend (2011) elaborates that these approaches are through either collective bargaining or individual bargaining. Individual bargaining is a situation where the employees individually negotiate about working conditions and remunerations with the employers while in the collective bargaining approach they use trade unions to negotiate on their behalf. There is an emerging trend in the workforce that tends to make it flexible. Firms are increasingly employing the technique of employing part time workers or temporary workers instead of permanent workers (Daniels, 2008). This flexibility is perceived to be cheap as it enables companies to meet the demand of consumers and reduces cost of training. However, its disadvantages are lack of security and effective communication. Workers can influence the operations of businesses through the concept of employee participation and industrial democracy. Employee participation encompasses scenario where decisions made by organizations involve the inputs of the employee while industrial democracy entails the modalities workers can incorporate to influence decisions. In any organizations, disputes and conflicts are bound to surface. It is the modalities that companies or firms adopt that play a key role in providing remedy to the disputes/conflicts. In most cases these disputes emanate from issues such as the working,

Every American should pay the same percentage of taxes. The Rich Essay

Every American should pay the same percentage of taxes. The Rich should not be forced to support the poor and lazy - Essay Example he US income tax structure as either of these have faced the same problem, for albeit it has followed an essentially progressive taxation framework since its inception in that the rich have had to bear larger tax rates compared to the poor, often there have been certain tax cuts or impositions that allegedly go against the principle of progression itself (Folsom, 1999). Apart from this aspect, the assumptions that justify progressive taxation have also been challenged leading to considerable debate that has not limited itself to only politicians or economists. Considerable amounts have been written and spoken about regarding the tax system that should be followed and the structure taxation should assume in the USA. The common layman like the erudite scholar has developed his particular opinion regarding the pattern in which taxes should be levied and the incidences the different economic classes should bear. This lack of consensus is at least partially a result of under-comprehension of the socio-economic aspects that govern the system and this lack of comprehension is evident in the large furore that is the inevitable result of any tax cuts for the upper or the upper-middle class. This non-substantial general comprehension stems from among other things, the fact that the degree of progression has observed remarkable instability and variation in th e US economy. For instance, while in 1954, federal income tax was imposed at different rates ranging from 20% to 91% for 24 different income bracket layers (Internal Revenue Code, 1954) brackets with the tax rates varying from 10% to 35% in 20061. Thus although both these structures were progressive in nature, the changes brought about that reduced the number of brackets as well as the magnitude of the tax rates can be argued to have been regressive, as the maximum tax rate has been reduced from 91 to 35 percentage points and the minimum has been reduced to 10% from 20%. The IRS reports that for the year 2006, the top

Choose a case study organisation. Make an evaluation of the reward Essay

Choose a case study organisation. Make an evaluation of the reward implementation problem. Offer recommendations that are logical, viable and scheduled. Offer some costings - Essay Example As for the social factors, issues such as immigration, emigration, and poverty are bound to surface. Employment relations in this context refer to the business relationship between employer and the worker(s). Perkins & White (2011) argue that it plays an important role in the motivation of the employees, building the organization’s reputation; ensuring that there is efficiency in the operations; and maximization of output or production and profit margins (Rose, 2008). There are two main approaches to employment relation. Wilkinson &Townsend (2011) elaborates that these approaches are through either collective bargaining or individual bargaining. Individual bargaining is a situation where the employees individually negotiate about working conditions and remunerations with the employers while in the collective bargaining approach they use trade unions to negotiate on their behalf. There is an emerging trend in the workforce that tends to make it flexible. Firms are increasingly employing the technique of employing part time workers or temporary workers instead of permanent workers (Daniels, 2008). This flexibility is perceived to be cheap as it enables companies to meet the demand of consumers and reduces cost of training. However, its disadvantages are lack of security and effective communication. Workers can influence the operations of businesses through the concept of employee participation and industrial democracy. Employee participation encompasses scenario where decisions made by organizations involve the inputs of the employee while industrial democracy entails the modalities workers can incorporate to influence decisions. In any organizations, disputes and conflicts are bound to surface. It is the modalities that companies or firms adopt that play a key role in providing remedy to the disputes/conflicts. In most cases these disputes emanate from issues such as the working,

Schematic Interface of Mobile Phone with Micro-Controller Essay Example for Free

Schematic Interface of Mobile Phone with Micro-Controller Essay Labels: circuit GSM/ EDGE Modem in PCI Interface Interface of mobile phone with micro-controller microcontroller schematic Supporting AT commands How To Interface a mobile Phone with micro-controller 8051 family like at89s51, at89s52, at89c2051 etc.The project is aimed at developing and testing the use of mobile phones to remotely control an appliance control system. The microcontroller would then control an device based on the information given to it. The proposed solution will need to be easy to use, simple, secure, robust and be useful on most mobile phones. To achieve this testing will need to be carried out to create a useful system. The report consists of a background into the area of 8051 microcontroller and mobile communication, how they are interfaced to each other and AT (Attention) commands set used in communication. The simplist method to interface a mobile with microcontroller is use mobile phone which support AT Commands. By using this we can directly connect that phone via datacable to microcontroller kit at a baud rate of 9600 and you can send AT commands to that mobile to read and send sms or other data of interest. The first thing in this regard is to find a mobile phone with AT Commands. Recommendation is use sony erricsons 290i . You can use any other mobile suitable for this purpose. The same program with slight modifications for AVR microcontroller. Which avr microcontroller you want to use and what is the sensor you want to interface. After connecting a mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem to a computer, you can control the mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem by sending instructions to it. The instructions used for controlling the mobile phone or GSM/GPRS modem are called AT commands. (AT commands are also used to control dial-up modems for wired telephone system.) Dial-up modems, mobile phones and GSM/GPRS modems support a common set of standard AT commands. In addition to this common set of standard AT commands, mobile phones and GSM/GPRS modems support an extended set of AT commands. One use of the extended AT commands is to control the sending and receiving of SMS messages. This device acts as interface between your microcontroller project and a GSM phone. It handles all modem data communication between the GSM phone and your micro-project. The best thing is that it decodes PDU into TEXT on the fly! It’s based on PIC16F877A microcontroller running on 16MHz at 5V. It has an onboard level converter for serial communication with the gsm phone because PIC’s UART RX input pin has a Schmitt trigger triggering at 4,5 5V while the phone is sending only approx. 3V from it’s TX pin. Control takes place by means of SMS (Short text Messages Service). When the mobile receives a predefined text message, like alarm ON or Start pump, the circuit automatically recognizes it as a command, and switches the output accordingly. At the componets level this project of mobile interfacing with microcontroller can be divided into these parts:- 1. Two mobile phones, one for general use and will be handled remotely, the second is specific mobile which will be interfaced with microcontroller 8051. 2. Microcontroller with necessary components inculding power supply, crystal, RS-232 components etc. 3. Interfacinf board, This is interfacinf board which will inculde the optocouplers, relays and other components required for interfacing of different input and output devices to microcontroller. 4. The hardware devices which are to be controlled through this projects will be connected to microcontroller usig above mentioned interfaing board. The procdure for the mobile controlling of different hardware is very easy. process begins on writing a SMS on mobile # 1, which will be transmitted to mobile # 2 through mobile networks. The second mobile will get that SMS and will transmit it to microcontroller via serial communication RS-232. The micocontroller 8051 will check, if it is according to predefine commnad then, according action will be performed.

Analysis of Earthmoving Equipment

Analysis of Earthmoving Equipment Earthmoving equipment is typically used due to the high efficiency of the construction work. In early era human power has been used to move earth requiring plenty of time and manpower. But with the development of technology earthmoving equipment has been introduced to the construction field and nowadays more advanced and easily maneuverable earthmoving equipment are available. Thus the time consumption and manpower is greatly reduced resulting a more efficient and time saving construction methods. There are number of earthmoving equipment that can be used for the construction and each equipment provides a different purpose. (equipment, 2014) Excavators Figure 1: Excavator Excavators are mainly se to excavate soil. Excavators are very useful in deep excavations as well as it can be used for different applications by changing the bucket to different gadgets. Typically excavators are used in cutting trenches, digging holes and foundation pits, Handling of Material , Construction, General grading or landscaping work, Mining of minerals and gems, River dredging, pile driving, , shafts drilling for footings and blasting of rocks etc.(equipment, 2014) Backhoe Figure 2: Backhoe Backhoe is a versatile equipment which widely used in construction industry. It is a combination of an excavator and bulldozer. It can be used for quick earthmoving work and it can replace both excavator and bulldozer if the scale of the work is low. Also due to its 4 wheel system it can easily move through any rough terrain. Hence backhoe is typically seen on any construction field. The levers are operated by hydraulic pistons and the bucket can be replaced with other useful add-ons accordance to the requirement. (equipment, 2014) Bulldozer Figure 3: Bulldozer Bulldozer is a very powerful equipment which can be used to move earth and prepare surfaces. Due to its high power and belt wheel system it is used to move heavy soil lumps in one go. It has a large plate or blade attached to its front which facilitates pushing mechanism of large soil, rubble, gravel or other materials. By changing the blade to a ripper it can be used for farming or ground loosening work. Skid steer loader Figure 4: Skid Steer Loader Skid steer loader is a small scale equipment which can be used for quick work and for the places where large equipment cannot be accessible. Easily maneuverability is one of the main advantage of the equipment. Also it can be used to load soil into dump trucks. The main characteristic of this equipment is its wheel can be rotated independently allowing it to turn in limited spaces. (equipment, 2014) Trencher Figure 5: Trencher Trencher is another useful equipment that can be used to dig trenches in construction work.trencher has a long arm equipped with rotating belt of blades. The blades dig trenches while the equipment is moving along the required line. This can also be used for digging of irrigation channels, foundation trenches, road drainages etc. trenchers are also used in farming industry as well. (equipment, 2014) Motor Grader Figure 6: Motor Grader Motor grader is another useful earthmoving equipment. This equipment is heavily used in road construction. The main purpose of a motor grader is to prepare surfaces according to required slopes and angles. With the long blade attached to front arm of the equipment it can prepare flat surfaces. The motor grader is also referred to as road grader due to its heavy usage in road construction. This equipment is also used in irrigation construction as well. (History of the Bulldozer. Retrieved 2008-12-17.) For the given project I would use excavators, backhoes and Skid steer loader. The main reason for the excavator the amount of soil needs to be excavated to prepare the basement. Backhoes will be used to small scale work and slope preparation work. Skid steer loaders will be used for the small work where space is limited for big equipment. To ensure the equipment is used efficiently, effectively and economically I will preplan the earth moving process and schedule the work plan with allocating time for each equipment so that every equipment is not used at once wasting time. Also I will allocate specific tie limit for each equipment and the operator should be able to finish the allocated work within the given period of time. With such management mechanisms I can use the provided equipment effectively, efficiently and economically. What methods and resources will you employ to ensure safe and productive operations in deep excavations and trenching for your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. I will use shoring method to ensure the stability of soil while deep excavating and also a safety officer should be allocated for supervision of excavation work. Excavations will not be done on rainy days. Also the excavations will be done maintaining minimum slope angles for stability. There are several steps that need to be taken in order to assure safe and productive opertaions in deep excavations Preplanning of the work to be done taking following factors into account Traffic Proximity and physical condition of nearby structures Soil classification Surface and ground water Location of the water table Overhead and underground utilities Weather Quantity of shoring or protective systems that may be required Fall protection needs Number of ladders that may be needed Other equipment needs Protective Systems OSHA generally requires that employers protect workers from cave-ins by:   Sloping and benching the sides of the excavation; supporting the sides of the excavation; or Placing a shield between the side of the excavation and the work area. Define types of temporary works required to deal with stability and groundwater problems in the project. Typically during excavation process dewatering has to be done while maintaining stability of slopes. There are several practices used in industry maintain stability. Caissons Caisson is a structure that is developed at area if the   site is ashore, yet in the event that the venture site is seaward, it is built ashore and afterward skimmed to the site seaward. In the caisson technique for development, the unearthing is performed from inside the permanent structure. After the caisson is in position, uncovering from inside the caisson structure starts. As the unearthing is done, the caisson structure begins to sink by its own weight, or if fundamental, by forced burdens. This strategy proceeds until the coveted foundation level is accomplished. Figure demonstrates this procedure schematically. ( Wilson,1873) Figure 7: Caissons Installing Ground Freezing The theory of ground solidifying is to change the water in the soil into a strong mass of ice. This mass of ice is totally impermeable. Ground solidifying is utilized for groundwater cutoff, for earth bolster, for brief supporting, for adjustment of earth for passage removal, to capture landslides and to balance out deserted mineshafts. The principals of ground solidifying are undifferentiated from pumping groundwater from wells. To solidify the ground, a column of stop channels are set vertically in the soil and warmth vitality is expelled through these funnels. Isotherms (an isotherm is a line interfacing areas with equivalent temperature) move out from the stop channels with time like groundwater forms around a well. Once the earth temperature comes to 32  °F (0  °C), water in the soil pores swings to ice. At that point additionally cooling continues. The groundwater in the pores promptly solidifies in granular soils, for example, sands. For example, soaked sand accomplishes magnificent quality at just a couple of degrees underneath the point of solidification. On the off chance that the temperature is brought down further, the quality increments hardly. In strong soils, for example, muds, the ground water is molecularly fortified at any rate to some degree to the soil particles. On the off chance that delicate mud is chilled off to solidifying temperature, a few segments of its pore water to start to stop and it causes the earth to harden. With further decrease in temperature, more pore water solidifies and subsequently more quality pick up is accomplished. When planning for solidified earth structures in firm soils, it might be important to determine generously bring down temperat ures to accomplish the required quality, than in attachment less soils. A temperature of +20  °F might be adequate in sands, though temperatures as low as -20  °F might be required in delicate soils. The outline of a solidified earth obstruction is represented by the warm properties of the fundamental oils and related reaction to the solidifying framework. Arrangement of solidified earth boundary creates at various rates relying upon the warm and water powered properties of every stratum. Ordinarily, shake and coarse-grained soils solidify quicker than muds and sediments. (Jessica Morrison ,2013) Figure 8: Ground freezing method Dewatering Methods Wellpoints The wellpoint comprises of an opened or punctured pipe which is secured with a screen work. At the foot of this pipe is a hole which licenses flying of the pipe into the ground amid foundation. A well-point dewatering framework comprises of a progression of firmly set little distance across wells introduced to shallow profundities. These wells are associated with a pipe or header that encompasses the removal and is joined to a vacuum pump. The development ventures in the well point framework are: 1. The wellpoints are jetted into the ground; 2. The annulars void is filled with filter media; 3. The wellpoints are connected to a header pipe by means of a riser; 4. The header pipe is connected to suction pumps for pumping. Powers, J. Patrick (1992). Figure 9: Well points What types of plant and equipment will you use in substructure and drainage activities in your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. For the given project first thing that needs to do is providing drainage. While providing proper drainage by means of dewatering pumps and wells. Then to stabilize the earth proper shoring should be needed. Once the shoring is properly established further excavation and substructure work can be commenced. Drainage and dewatering Backhoes Dewatering pumps Drilling machines Hoses Generators etc. Earth stabilizing Shoring machines Cranes Welding plants Backhoes and excavators Substructure work Skid Steer loader Backhoe Excavator Piling machine What techniques of installing piling systems and ground stabilization activities will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. The foundation procedure and technique for foundations are similarly critical components as of the outline procedure of heap foundations. Pilefoundation techniques are foundation by heap mallet and exhausting by mechanical auger.In request to evade harms to the piles, amid plan, foundation Methods and foundation hardware ought to be precisely selected.If foundation is to be done utilizing pile pound, then the accompanying components ought to be taken into thought: Size of the pile and the weight of the pile The available head room and space The availability of supporting equipment and machinery The noise pollution and regulations. The driving resistance for the designed drilling Pile driving methods (displacement piles) Methods of pile driving can be categorised as follows: Dropping weight Explosion Vibration Jacking (restricted to micro-pilling) Jetting Drop hammers   Ã‚   A hammer with around the heaviness of the pile is brought a reasonable stature up in a guide and discharged to strike the pile head. This is a straightforward type of mallet utilized as a part of conjunction with light casings and test piling, where it might be uneconomical to bring a steam heater or compressor on to a site to drive extremely set number of piles. There are two main types of drop hammers 1. Single-acting pile hammers which operates using steam or compressed-air comprise a large weight in a cylindrical container. Steam or compressed air rises it up the fixed piston rod. At the top of the blow, or at a reduced height which can be operated by the operator, the steam is cut off and the cylinder falls freely on the pile helmet. 2. Double-acting pile hammers can be run by steam or compressed air. A pilling mount is not mandatory with this mode of hammer which can be fixed to the upperpart of the pile by leg-guides, the pile being directed by a timber structure. When used with a pile mount, back directs are fastened to the hammer to engage with leaders, and only short leg-guides are used to stop the hammer from moving relatively to the top of the pile. These type of hammers are used mainly for sheet pile driving. Pile driving by vibrating Vibratory sledges are normally electrically fueled or using pressurized water controlled and comprises of contra-pivoting unconventional masses inside a lodging connecting to the heap head. The abundancy of the vibration is adequate to separate the skin erosion on the sides of the heap. Vibratory strategies are most appropriate to sandy or gravelly soil. Jetting:to help the entrance of piles into sand or sandy rock, water streaming might be utilized. In any case, the strategy has exceptionally restricted impact in firm to solid muds or any dirt containing much coarse rock, cobbles, or stones. Boring methods (non-displacement piles) Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Hardware contains a portable base transporter fitted with an empty stemmed flight wood screw which is pivoted into the ground to required profundity of pilling. To shape the heap, cement is put through the flight twist drill as it is pulled back from the beginning. The twist drill is fitted with defensive top on the outlet at the base of the focal tube and is pivoted into the ground by the top mounted turning pressure driven engine which keeps running on a transporter joined to the pole. On achieving the required profundity, profoundly workable cement is pumped through the empty stem of the wood screw, and under the weight of the solid the defensive top is disconnected. While pivoting the wood screw in an indistinguishable bearing from amid the exhausting stage, the ruin is removed vertically as the twist drill is pulled back and the heap is shaped by loading with cement. In this procedure, it is essential that pivot of the wood screw and stream of cement is coordinated that fall of sides of the opening above cement on lower flight of twist drill is evaded. This may prompt to voids in loaded with soil in cement. The strategy is particularly viable on delicate ground and empowers to introduce an assortment of exhausted heaps of different widths that can infiltrate a large number of soil conditions. Still, for fruitful operation of revolving twist drill the dirt must be sensibly free of tree roots, cobbles, and stones, and it must act naturally supporting. Amid operation little soil is brought upwards by the twist drill that horizontal burdens are kept up in the dirt and voiding or extreme slackening of the dirt limit. Be that as it may, if the pivot of the wood screw and the progress of the twist drill are not coordinated, bringing about evacuation of soil amid penetrating perhaps prompting to fall of the side of the gap. Figure 10: Piling and Auguring Underreaming An extraordinary component of wood screw exhausted heaps which is here and there used to empower to misuse the bearing limit of appropriate strata by giving a developed base. The dirt must be fit for standing open unsupported to utilize this method. Firm and to hard muds, for example, the London dirt, are perfect. In its shut position, the underreaming instrument is fitted inside the straight area of a heap shaft, and after that extended at the base of the heap to create the underream appeared in fig. 3.Normally, after establishment and before cement is threw, a man conveying enclosure is brought down and the pole and the underream of the heap is reviewed. (Fleming et al, 1985,) What methods and processes of constructing foundations including will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Describe the resources that you will use for the construction of foundations. Justify your choice. In the event of soils having low bearing limit, overwhelming auxiliary burdens are generally bolstered by giving Raft or tangle establishments. Likewise if the structure is defenseless against subsidence on being situated in mining range or because of questionable conduct of its sub-soil water condition, flatboat or tangle establishments ought to be favored. Raft or Mat Foundations gives an efficient answer for troublesome site conditions, where heap establishment cant be utilized profitably and free section balance gets to be distinctly impracticable. Raft or tangle establishments comprises of thick fortified solid slab covering the whole range of the base of the structure like a story. The piece is strengthened with bars running at right points to each other both close base and top face of the section. Now and again it is important to convey the over the top section stack by a course of action of reversed principle shafts and auxiliary bars, cast solidly with the flatboat piece. The Raftslab for the most part ventures for a separation of 30 cm. to 45cm. on every one of the sides of the external dividers of the structure in that capacity the region of exhuming is marginally more than the range of the structure itself. The unearthing is made to the required profundity and the whole uncovered territory is very much united. This surface, when dry, gives the base whereupon the flatboat or tangle section is laid. Every one of the precautionary measures that are important to be seen amid the strengthened solid development are entirely clung to and promote development is begun simply after the curing of the Raft has been completely done.Halpin, Daniel W.; Senior, Bolivar A. (2010). Describe methods and resources that you will use in processes, undertaking drainage works including culverts and installing services in your project. Culverts and drainage works Excavation The area of the proposed drainage will be set out on the ground by checking with paint and pegs at pit areas. Where works are along edge of existing roadway movement light or stop/go framework might be set up to do works. A trench will then be unearthed between pits utilizing an excavator with material stacked to dump truck. The trench width will differ contingent upon the measure of the pipe. Installation Where drains are being introduced a layer of geotextile material should be put along the framework of the trench and a layer of channel stone might then be put in base of trench to get pipe work. The pipe work should then be laid to the right line and level by utilizing a review laser Backfilling of Ducting The remaining stone might then be put by six ton dumper up to underside of topping where geotextile should be turned out under topping layer. The rest of the depleted might be bested up once surfacing works are done up to wearing course level. Establishment of layer of Geogrid should likewise be done at this stage. All chambers on the deplete lines might be built with pre-thrown solid catch pits and should be put as pipeline continues. (Turner-Fairbank Highway research Center ,1998) Figure 12: Culverts What types of plant and equipment will you use in the construction of superstructure your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. Construction of superstructure requires lot of machinery and equipment and the uses may vary throughout the different stages of the project. Following are a list of equipment and the uses of each equipment. Equipment Uses Batching plant Concrete Production Concrete pump Concrete pouring to higher levels Tower crane Shifting materials Elevator Shifting materials and laborers Formwork systems Form the structure Scaffolding For higher level work Poker vibrator For compaction of concrete The batching plant will produce concrete required to construction and concrete mixture truck and pump will support to pour concrete to slabs, columns and beams. Tower crane and elevator will help to move goods and laborers respectively. Scaffoldings, formwork systems and poker vibrator will be used for concrete pouring and form the columns, slabs and beams of the building. What methods and resources will you use in undertaking the main forms of structural activities in you project? Include the use of concrete in its various forms as well as the use of structural steelwork. Provide relevant examples. Justify your choices. Mainly concrete will be used together with steel to form the superstructure. Typically formwork will be established first and then concrete together with steel will be used to cast columns, beams and slabs of the building. For the aforementioned task concrete pumps, poker vibrators, laborers and skilled supervisors will be needed. Concrete is typically used for this type of construction work due to its workability. Liquid state of concrete allows us to cast different required shapes and forms of structures with ease. Whereas steel is a pre-fabricated material hence steel does not provide the freedom to use for different shapes. But steel is also a very good construction material which facilitates fast construction. Structural steelwork can be used together with concrete to produce composite structures. Also steel can be used alone for buildings as well. (Concrete Association, 2013) What methods of false work and formwork will you use in the superstructure activities in your project? Provide examples. Justify your choice. What processes of concrete production, delivery and placement will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Formwork implies the surface of the frame and surrounding used to contain and shape wet cement until it is self-supporting. Formwork incorporates the structures on or inside which the solid is poured and the casings and propping which give soundness. Albeit ordinarily alluded to as a component of the formwork get together, the joists, bearers, propping, establishments and footings are actually alluded to as false work. Formwork development may include high hazard exercises like working fueled portable plant like cranes, working at stature and unearthing establishments. The outline of the last solid structure can majorly affect the simplicity of formwork development and the wellbeing and security of individuals amid development. For the most part the more essential and basic the last solid structure, the more secure it is to develop, erect and destroy the formwork. An accomplished formwork creator ought to be counseled amid the plan of in-situ solid structures to empower the wellbeing and dangers amid formwork development and destroying to be considered in the outline. The formwork originator must be equipped in formwork configuration including reporting brief work stages and exceptional gear required for safe formwork development on location. A creator may utilize a specialized standard or a blend of gauges and building standards significant to the plan prerequisites the length of the result is an outline that meets administrative necessities. Concrete production Concrete Batching plant Concrete will be produced in a batching plant to ensure the quality and strength of the concrete. Concrete Delivery Mixture truck Mixture trucks will be used to deliver concrete to the site from the batching plant to prevent loss of workability and quality of concrete Concrete Placement- Concrete pump truck Concrete will be placed to higher levels using a concrete pumping truck. This way we can efficiently pour concrete.   (Concrete Association, 2013) Identify and assess the hazards arising from the substructure activities. Falling of unstabilized soil Falling to deep excavated trenches and pits Hazards associated with excavators Shorings can be weak Damages to underground electrical wires Explain the legal framework of health, safety and welfare and the requirements of the current CDM Regulations. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) addresses the management of health, safety and welfare of workers in construction projects. CDM 2015 substituted the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM 2007) and the Accepted Code of Practice which is providing supporting direction on CDM 2007 was inhibited. CDM 2015 aims to uplift health and safety in the industry by providing guidance to: Rationally plan the work so the risks tangled are succeededthroughout. Have the correct people for the correct job at the correct time collaborate and organize your work have the properinfo about the risks and how they are managed convey information efficiently to those who need to know consult and occupy workers for the risks management activities and educate them how they are being managed The CDM2007 Regulations expect to lessen development mischances and sick wellbeing in Great Britain by empowering the different partners of the development business to enhance in arranging and dealing with their activities contemplating matters of security and wellbeing at an early stage in the venture definition. By beginning concentrating on these basic focuses toward the start of a venture, dangers can be recognized and supervisors can use sound judgment in front of challenges. In this new form of the directions, the HSC concentrates on correspondence and co-appointment between every one of the gatherings required in the development venture and set up a few obligations for each of the distinctive partners. It likewise highlights that the measure of printed material and all the administration brought on by the past rendition of the controls ought to be diminished and the attention put on the arranging and administration. The CDM set up commitments for customers and fashioners. The fundamental commitment forced to the customer is to delegate the primary partners for the arranging and the acknowledgment of development work. By development work, the CDM extensively alludes to the doing of building, structural designing or building development word .Among the dutyholders which take an interest to the doing of the venture are the Client, the Designer, the CDM-Coordinator, the Principal Contractor and the Contractors. (The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations ,2007) Evaluate and justify the role of the planning coordinator who has been appointed to the project. Construction project coordinators plan, organize, and guide the actions of a construction project, under the guidance of a manager. He works on-site most of the time, over looking the day-to-day tasks of the project. He works for residential, commercial and industrial construction companies or for construction departments of companies outside the construction industry. Generally, construction project coordinators: Make contracts and negotiate alterations to contracts with architects, consultants, clients, suppliers, and subcontractors. Suggest and implement QC programs. Make progress reports for clients. Control the acquisition of building materials and land. Hire and supervise subcontractors and staff. During the excavation works the contractor found that the sub-soil in a section of the site to be contaminated. All site activities were halted pending further investigations. Following the investigations it was found that the site was contaminated with caustic soda and from material linked to buried heavy fuel tanks. The client has asked for a design solution to the problem. The contaminated ground can be treated with 5% ferric chloride treat the caustic soda contamination. Proper waterproofing of basement can further ensure that the caustic soda intrusion is completely blocked. Burried heavy fuel tanks should be properly sealed to prevent further leakages. If the contaminated section can be completely removed it should be removed and disposed safely to continue construction work. (Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Human Health Evaluation Manual) Produce a risk assessment for the above problem. Hazard identification Caustic Soda and Heavy fuel Contamination. Laborers and stakeholders can be affected Sub soil needs to be treated or removed