Research Agenda in Cloud Computing Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Agenda in Cloud Computing - Research Proposal ExampleThis study will film a survey of the available information or literature by the use of a methodical and principled approach all the major databases of look for computer science will be searched, and these include the ACM Digital Library, the Google Scholar, the IEEE Xplore, the ScienceDirect together with the SpringerLink, for the key words such as cloud computing, renovation Infrastructure, elastic computing, Service Software, utility computing, Service Platforms, the IaaS, Service Everything, the XaaS as well as the PaaS. Nevertheless, the range of information of data for this search will be limited from the year 2009 to the month of April 2013. This range of date is picked because the research is initiated in the month of April 2013. In addition, it is the best range because it is fairly long after the launching of all public clouds in the year 2005, thus there is adequate or sufficient data required for the survey to be ac curate.For instance, the EC2 was first launched by Amazon in the month of August 2006, while the App Engine was launched by Google in April 2008. The term cloud computing, according to the Google Trends, began to become well known in the year 2007. After search from the targeted five databases, we will find out the total number of written document returned. The papers abstracts together with titles will also be read, and for the purposes of quality, only peer-reviewed papers will be used for the review. However, only a very small number of the articles that are non peer-reviewed can be used.

Markiting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Markiting - Case Study ExampleThe paper would make an attempt to explore marketing mix of Sainsburys (2011), effect of internet on the same, issues that earn arose from cultures or globalisation and Search engine optimisation (Pickton & Masterson, 496-499, 2010). Marketing Mix Product Quite on a lower floorstandably, being a retailer the product of Sainsburys (2011) ranges from foodstuff to home furniture, organic products to frozen foods, sports goods to clothing, from fashion to DVDs, the product line of Sainsburys is spread over different products. However, the focus has been to create a product line, which is much inclined towards non-perish able items rather than perishable items. For most of the large sized stores of Sainsburys would end up stocking more than 30,000 lines. However, important here to note is that out of these 30,000 lines around 6,000-7,000 product lines would be the companys own label goods. Important here to note is that Sainsbury has been actively extendi ng many product lines as well. For example, there ar more than 700 line of the basic product, which the economy product line of the company. Furthermore, the company has also extended to include more than 1100 premium products in its line under the umbrella of Taste the difference category. Moreover, this has also in allowed the company to customise its product line greatly. Sainsburys is now change many well-known brands and along with them, it is selling many brands that have been custom made for its customers. Place Without any doubts, the factor of place has great importance in marketing. The company currently holds more than 872 stores all over United Kingdom. The stores appear to be in three formats including the regular stores, convenience and smaller supermarkets and the hypermarkets. In order to satisfy the involves and demand, there ar some superstores of the company that operate on a 24/7 basis. The format of the store opened by Sainsburys largely depends upon the ar ea and the need of the customers of that locality (Lancaster & Massingham, pp. 264-266, 2010). Important here to note is that how well Sainsburys and other retailers have been able to respond to the threat of disintermediation. Critics predicated that with the rise of brick and motor companies, retailers would become extinct. However, Sainsbury has been able to respond well to the challenge of disintermediation by intermediation and setting up new online business. Promotion Sainsburys has been an aggressive marketer and promoter for its products. The same is pellucid with the fact that recently, Sainsburys signed a deal with the administration of 2012 Summer Paralympics, which will take place during 29 August and 9 September 2012. Sainsburys has taken a bold step by signing a deal, which is the largest in the history of this event. Sainsburys also takes the credit of giving the advertising serviceman the best known slogan in retail advertising which is of Good Food Costs Less at S ainsburys. Furthermore, since 2000, after being pushed at the leash position in the retail industry of United Kingdom, it pursued aggressive promotion strategies. Using Jamie Oliver as the ambassador for the corporation, it has been able to add more than especial(a) 1 billion Euros

UK Government Urban Policy Agenda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

UK Government Urban Policy Agenda - Essay ExampleThe subtraction of various reports that have been projecting the growth of population in UK is gaind house-building especially on undeveloped green fields. Every incoming government has been targeting to increase the number of houses in the cities in order to solve the housing problem. However, according to the Urban Task Force, these interventions are insufficient. This is because an appropriate strategy must address the change magnitude level of dissatisfaction among the city residents. Many of these people feel that little attention is being directed towards making city life better . Therefore, there is an line of merchandise that the policies should not only focus on accommodating people in urban areas, but also make the cities attractive for the people living in them. The last governments urban policy agenda failed to achieve the set objectives. For instance, in 1999, the Regional Development Agencies was launched. The main ai m was to transform the UKs regions through sustainable economic development. This is through creating the right conditions for growth and bringing expertise to the task of economic regeneration and development. This is through improving the physical al-Qaeda and providing the necessary support to the people. In 2002-2007, the agency received a large amount of money from the government.

Own-race bias Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Own- line of achievement bias - Research Paper ExampleIn this time, black slaves were considered so different and removed from the aristocratic, basis owning class of their owners that their enslavement and torture for centuries was written off as being part of the system. Furthermore, during the Jim Crow era and throughout the passing of the separate but equalise legislation, African-Americans in this country were viewed as a concrete, separate racial category not only by many whites, but also by the police itself. In many counsels, the separate but equal Brown v. Board of Education hearing reflects the rigid, concrete, categorical hunt structures that were prevalent in this country during that time. judicial terms like separate but equal give an indication of the way people viewed each other at this time. Obviously, strong categorical race structures dominated the way peers viewed peers. Race would hold up been at the forefront of the way most people viewed each other initia lly. Before peers could say hello, there would puddle been a quick, unconscious categorization of the person they were approaching based on their race and the race of the peer. This initial judgment is no different today, but the new-made trends in the multicultural population of the United States have given way to blurred categorical race structures. As a system of rigid, concrete race categories is faced with exclusives whose backgrounds are composed of two or even many of these categories, the way individuals perceive each other is forced to change. When individuals comprise several racial categories, peers cannot make such easy judgments as were made during previous eras. If a peer appears to be from a racial category one considers his or her own, and this akin peer also appears to be from a racial category one does not consider his or her own, initial separation judgments are confused. This recent break of serve down of categorical race structures has obvious implications on the way humans perceive one another, but how does this change affect human facial reposition? The body of literature has shown that social categorization occurs within the early stages of perception, but lasts only briefly (Brewer, 1988) making it difficult to study. One model that helps explain the way humans esteem faces is the In-Group and Out-Group Memory model (Pauker, Weisbuch, Ambady, Sommers, Adams, & Ivcevic, 2009). This model explains human facial perception as a categorization based on whether the perceived individual is of the same group as the perceiver. For example, an Asian person may perceive another Asian face as being in-group. Furthermore, Malpass & Kravitz (1969) showed that people have a tendency to have better facial memory of faces they classify as in-group, and lower facial memory of faces they classify as out-group (Malpass & Kravitz, 1969) a finding that Pauker and colleagues have shown to be repeated by over 100 studies (Pauker, Weisbuch, Ambady, Somm ers, Adams, & Ivcevic, 2009). The own race bias links individuals in- or out-group categorization of others to individuals facial memories of these others by explaining that people remember faces they categorize as in-group better than faces they catego

Analysis of Hero Sara Crewe (Liesel Matthews) in the Film A Little Movie Review

Analysis of Hero Sara Crewe (Liesel Matthews) in the Film A Little Princess - Movie Review ExampleThe prescribed hero represented the American view in collective action and the objective legal process that superseded private notions of right and wrong (Ray 1). At first sight, Sara Crewe appears to embody the qualities of the official hero a smart, pretty, newborn lady who possesses a strong moral and ethical grounding. Growing up to a rich family, she speaks French and has lived most of her childhood years in India. In the film, she constantly speaks about how much she loves her father, and how badly she misses her mother who passed away during childbirth. Sara is a picture of an honest, beautiful, and loving daughter who seemed to have everything. Ray also duologue about how the official hero embodies the best attributes of adulthood sound reasoning and judgment and wisdom and sympathy based on experience (2). Sara, as young as she was, maybe childish at times but she often com es across as an adult trapped in an adolescent body. In a letter to her father, she writes about the strict rules in the school that she reluctantly follows but, nevertheless, believes that those rules are there for a reason. Although the rebelling heart is there, the young mind of Sara is willing to understand and select rules displaying a certain degree of maturity and sound judgment. The official heroes were predominantly worldly, comfortable in society, and willing to undertake even those public duties demanding personal open (Ray 3). Sara knows very well the class segment she belongs to an heiress to a British father who mined precious stones for business. Her father constantly tells her in the film that she is a princess. Possessing these worldly qualities, however, Sara keeps her feet on the ground and treats everyone as her equal. Upon learning that the black servant girl, Becky (Vanessa Lee Chester), was not allowed to speak with the students, Sara went out of her way to give Becky a twin of new shoes. That small gesture started the relationship that eventually blossomed into a lifelong friendship between the two. 3. The Outlaw Hero Qualities of Sara Crewe While some qualities of Sara make her an official hero, she is predominantly driven by outlaw hero qualities. First, Sara is driven by whims, tantrums, and emotional decisions that characterize an outlaw hero (Ray 1). In one scene in the film, Miss Minchin (Eleanor Bron) tells Sara that jewelries are not allowed in the class. Sara pleads to be allowed to wear the necklace in her room instead, and gets instant approval from Miss Minchin. Saras little whims and tantrums are somehow an indicator of her rebellious heart. In a reading class, after seeing her classmates doze on and off while listening to the reader, Sara changes the plot of the story and inserts pull in characters. This wakes up her sleepy classmates and at the same time irritates Miss Minchin.

Status of Women Empowerment in India Essay Example for Free

Status of Women Empowerment in India EssayPresented By Ankur Sharma efficiencyInstitute of Rural Management, Jodhpur Meaning of Empowerment On an individual aim we see empowerment as word forming confidence, insight and understanding, and developing face-to-face skills, for example, being able to analyze situations and communicate more effectively with others. Meaning of Women EmpowermentWomen Empowerment means to inspire women with the courage to break free from the bonds of limiting beliefs, patterns and societal or ghostlike conditions that consider traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to realize their true beauty and power. Women Empowerment In India even indian economy is progressing in terms of GDP Per Capita Income but unbosom women empowerment is a big concern for our country.Still conditions of womens be pathetic in our countries. in that respect are m whatsoever areas where we have to signify nearly seriously should be taken positive steps to er idicate such kind of sociel evils from our society.As being an part of society,its our debt instrument that we should also contribute to the society try to bring awareness among people.we should not underestimate womens just not only the basis of Physical strenth.Rather they are equally get bynt to us even in terms of their intellectual power or in terms of there emotional intellegence.Here we are discussing somewhat major areas that requires a big concern Domestic Violance Domestic violence in India is endemic and widespread predominantly against women. Around 70% of women in India are victims to internal violence according to Renuka Chowdhury junior minister for women and child development. discipline Crime Records government agency reveal that a crime against a women is committed every triplet minutes, a women is raped every 29 minutes, a dowry death come ins every 77 minutes and one oddball of cruelty committed by either the husband or relative of the victim. Domest ic violence in India very much happens as a result of dowry demands.According to Unicefs Global Report control board on Adolescents 2012, 57% boys in India think a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife while around 53% girls think that a husband is justified in beating his wife.Domestic violence is known to happen in Upper Class families as surface as NRI families.Gender Discrimnation Infancy to childhoodThe cultural construct of Indian society which reinforces internal activity bias against women, has led to the continuation of Indias strong preference for manlike children. Female infanticide, a sex- discriminating abortion, is adopted and strongly reflects the low status of Indian women. Census 2011 shows a decline of girl population under the age of seven, with activists estimating that octonary gazillion pistillate fetuses may have been aborted in the past decade.The 2005 census shows infant mortality figures for females and males are 61 and 56, respective ly, out of 1000 live births, with females more likely to be aborted than males due to biased attitudes.A decline in the sex ratio was observed with Indias 2011 census fibing that it stands at 914 females against 1,000 males, a drop from 927 in 2001 the lowest since Indias independence. The demand for sons among wealthy parents is being satisfied by the medical community through the provision of illegal progress to of fetal sex-determination and sex-selective abortion. The financial incentive for physicians to undertake this illegal activity seems to be further greater than the penalties associated with breaking the law. nipperhood to adulthood (education)Education is not widely attained by the Indian women. Although literacy rates are increasing, female literacy rates lags behind the male literacy rate. Literacy Rate Census of India 2001 and 2011 ComparisonLiteracy for females stands at 65.46%, compared to 82.14% for males.An underlying factor in for such low literacy rates are parents perceptions that education for girls are a waste of resources as their daughters would eventually live with their husbands families and they will not benefit immediately from the education investment.Adulthood and onwardsDiscrimination against women has contributed to gender wage differentials, with Indian women on average earning 64% of what their male counterparts earn for the same occupation and level of qualification. Discrimination against women has led to their pretermit of autonomy and authority. Although equal rights are given to women, it may not be well recognize. In practice, land and property rights are weakly enforced, with customary laws widely practiced in rural areas. Women do not own property under their own namesand usually do not have any inheritance rights to obtain a piece of ground of parental property.Education and economic developmentAccording to 1992-93 figures, only 9.2% of the households in India were female-headed. However, about 35% of t he households below the poverty line were found to be female-headed.EducationThough it is gradually rising, the female literacy rate in India is lower than the male literacy rate.Compared to boys, far few girls are enrolled in the schools, and many of them drop out.According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy rates. According to legal age of the scholars, the major factor behind the improved cordial and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy. Under Non-Formal Education programme (NFE), about 40% of the centres in states and 10% of the centres in UTs are exclusively reserved for females.As of 2000, about 0.3 million NFE centres were catering to about 7.42 million children, out of which about 0.12 million were exclusively for girls. urban India, girls are nearly at par with the boys in terms of education. However, in rural India girls pertain to be less educated than the boys. Accordin g to a 1998 report by U.S. Department of Commerce, the chief barrier to female education in India are inadequate school facilities (such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in curriculum (majority of the female characters being depicted as weak and helpless).Workforce participationContrary to the common perception, a large percent of women in India work. The National data collection agencies accept the fact that there is a serious under-estimation of womens contribution as workers. However, there are far fewer women in the paid workforce than there are men. In urban India Women have impressive number in the workforce. As an example at software package industry 30% of the workforce is female.They are at par with their male counterparts in terms of wages, position at the work place. In rural India, culture and allied industrial sectors employ as much as 89.5% of the total female labour. In overall farm production, womens average contribution is est imated at 55% to 66% of the total labour. According to a1991 World slang report, women accounted for 94% of total employment in dairy production in India.Women constitute 51% of the total employed in forest-based small-scale enterprises. One of the most famous female business success stories is the Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad. In 2006, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw,who started Biocon one of Indias first biotech companies, was rated Indias richest cleaning lady. Lalita D. Gupte and Kalpana Morparia were the only businesswomen in India who made the list of the Forbes Worlds Most Powerful Women in 2006. Chanda Kochher Indias morsel-largest bank, ICICI Bank, and Morparia is the CEO of JPMorgan India.Land and property rightsIn most Indian families, women do not own any property in their own names, and do not get a share of parental property.Due to weak enforcement of laws cheering them, women continue to have little doorway to land and property.In fact, some of the laws discriminate against women, when it comes to land and property rights. The Hindoo personal laws of mid-1956s (applied to Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains) gave women rights to inheritance. However, the sons had an independent share in the ancestral property, while the daughters shares were based on the share received by their father. Hence, a father could effectively disinherit a daughter by renouncing his share of the ancestral property, but the son will continue to have a share in his own right. Additionally, married daughters, even those facing marital harassment, had no residential rights in the ancestral home. After amendment of Hindu laws in 2005, now women in have been provided the same status as that of men.Crimes against womenPolice records show high incidence of crimes against women in India. The National Crime Records Bureau reported in 1998 that the growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010.Earlier, many cases were not registered w ith the police due to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Official statistics show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women.Acid ThrowingThe doubting Thomas Reuters Foundation survey says that India is the fourth mostdangerous place in the world for women to live in as women belonging to any class, caste or creed and religion can be victims of this cruel form of violence and disfigurement, a premeditated crime intended to kill or maim her for good and act as a lesson to put her in her place. In India, acid attacks on women who dared to refuse a mans proposal of marriage or asked for a disunite are a form of revenge. Acid is cheap and easily available and is the quickest way to destroy a womans life. The number of acid attacks have been rising. inner harassmentHalf of the total number of crimes against women reported in 1990 related to molestation and harassment at the workplace. Eve teasing is a euphemism used for sexual harassment or molestation of women by men. Many activists blame the rising incidents of sexual harassment against women on the influence of Western culture. In 1987, The Indecent imitation of Women (Prohibition) Act was passed to prohibit indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications, writings, paintings, figures or in any other manner. In 1997, in a enclosure judgement, the Supreme Court of India took a strong stand against sexual harassment of women in the workplace. The Court also laid down detailed guidelines for prevention and redressal of grievances. The National Commission for Women subsequently elaborated these guidelines into a Code of Conduct for employers.DowryIn 1961, the Government of India passed the Dowry Prohibition Act, making the dowry demands in union arrangements illegal. However, many cases of dowry-related domestic violence, suicides and murders have been reported. In the 1980s, numerous such cases were reported. In 1985, the Dowry Prohibition ( of importtenance of lists of presents to the bride and bridegroom) rules were framed. According to these rules, a signed list of presents given at the time of the marriage to the bride and the bridegroom should be maintained.The list should contain a brief description of each present, its approximate value, the name of whoever has given the present and his/her family relationship to the person. However, such rules are hardly enforced. A 1997 report claimed that at least 5,000 women die each year because of dowry deaths, and at least a dozen die each day in kitchen fires thought to be intentional. The term for this is bride burning and is criticized within India itself.Amongst the urban educated, such dowry abuse has reduced considerably.Child marriageChild marriage has been traditionally prevalent in India and continues to this day. Historically, young girls would live with their parents until they reached puberty. In the past, the child widows were condem ned to a life of great agony, shaving heads, maintenance in isolation, and shunned by the society.Although child marriage was outlawed in 1860, it is still a common practice. According to UNICEFs State of the Worlds Children-2009 report, 47% of Indias women aged 2024 were married before the legal age of 18, with 56% in rural areas.The report also showed that 40% of the worlds child marriages occur in India.Female infanticides and sex selective abortionsIndia has a exceedingly masculine sex ratio, the chief agent being that many women die before arriver adulthood.Tribal societies in India have a less masculine sex ratio than all other caste groups. This, in spite of the fact that tribal communities have far lower levels of income, literacy and health facilities.It is therefore suggested by many experts, that the highly masculine sex ratio in India can be attributed to female infanticides and sex-selective abortions. sonography scans have been a major leap forward in the care of mother and baby, and with them becoming portable, these advantages have spread to rural populations. However, ultrasound scans can often reveal the sex of the baby, allowing pregnant women to decide to abort female foetuses and try again for a male child. This practice is usually considered to be the main reason for the change in the ratio of male to female children being born.In 1994 the Indian government passed a law forbidding women or their families from asking about the sex of the baby after an ultrasound scan (or any other test which would yield that information) and also expressly forbade doctors or any other supply from giving that information. However, in practice this law (like the one forbidding dowries) is widely ignored, and levels of the abortion on female foetuses remain high and the sex ratio at birth keeps getting worse. Female infanticide (killing of girl infants) is still prevalent in some rural areas.Sometimes this is infanticide by neglect, for example families may not spend currency on critical medicines or even just by withholding care from asick girl. The abuse of the dowry tradition has been one of the main reasons for sex-selective abortions and female infanticides in India.TraffickingThe Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act was passed in 1956. However many cases of trafficking of young girls and women have been reported. These women are either forced into prostitution, domestic work or child labour. Other concernsHealthThe average female life expectancy today in India is low compared to many countries, but it has shown gradual overture over the years. In many families, especially rural ones, the girls and women face nutritional discrimination within the family, and are anaemic and malnourished. The maternal mortality in India is the second highest in the world. Only 42% of births in the country are supervised by health professionals. Most women deliver with help from women in the family who often lack the skills and resources to save the mothers life if it is in danger. According to UNDP Human Development Report (1997), 88% of pregnant women (age 15-49) were found to be suffering from anaemia.Family planningThe average woman in rural areas of India has little or no control over her reproductivity. Women, particularly women in rural areas, do not have access to honorable and self-controlled methods of contraception. The public health system emphasises permanent methods like sterilisation, or long-term methods like IUDs that do not need follow-up. Sterilization accounts for more than 75% of total contraception, with female sterilisation accounting for almost 95% of all sterilisations.Sex ratiosIndia has a highly skewed sex ratio this is attributed to the practice of sex selective abortions which kills approximately one million baby girls per year.The government stated that India is missing three million girls in 2011 and there are now 48 fewer girls per 1,000 boys than there were in 1981.SanitationIn 2011 a Right to Pee (as called by the media) campaign began in Mumbai, Indias largest city.Women, but not men, have to pay to wanton away in Mumbai, despite regulations against this practice. Women have also been sexually assaulted while urinating in fields.Thus, activists have collected more than 50,000 signatures supporting their demands that the local government stop charging women to urinate, build more toilets, keep them clean, provide sanitary napkins and a trash can, and hire female attendants.In response, city officials have agreed to build hundreds of public toilets for women in Mumbai, and some local legislators are now promising to build toilets for women in every one of their districts.Notable Indian womenEducationSavitribai Phule was a social reformer who on with her husband, Mahatma Jotiba Phule played an important role in improving womens rights in India during the British Rule. Savitribai was the first female teacher of the first womens school in India and also considered as t he pioneer of modern Marathi poetry. In 1852 she opened a school for Untouchable girls.Arts and entertainmentSingers and vocalists such as M.S. Subbulakshmi, Gangubai Hangal, Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle are widely revered in India. Anjolie Ela Menon is one of the famous painters.SportsAlthough the general sports scenario in India is not very good, some Indian women have made notable achievements in the field. Some of the famous female sportspersons in Indian include P. T. Usha, J. J. Shobha (athletics), Kunjarani Devi (weightlifting), Diana Edulji (cricket), Saina Nehwal (badminton), Koneru Hampi (chess) and Sania Mirza (tennis). Female Olympic medalists from India include weightlifter Karnam Malleswari (bronze, 2000), Saina Nehwal (bronze, 2012), and boxer Mary Kom (bronze, 2012).PoliticsThrough the Panchayat Raj institutions, over a million women have actively entered policy-making life in India.As per the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, all local elected bodies reserve one-third of their seats for women. Although the percentages of women in various levels of political activity has risen considerably, women are still under-represented ingovernance and decisionmaking positions.LiteratureMany well-known women writers are in Indian literature as poets and drool writers. Sarojini Naidu, Kamala Surayya, Shobha De, Arundhati Roy, Anita Desai are some of them. Sarojini Naidu is called the nightingale of India. Arundhati Roy was awarded the Booker Prize (Man Booker Prize) for her novel The God of Small Things. we have to understand that without empowering women in india we can not compete amongest developed countries.Most of the women thinks that if they are getting respect in family or from husband,they are empowered.But this misconception should be removed from our society. Women in India feel proud to display that they are well protected and pampered by their husbands without realizing that they are making themselves helpless. Such womens econo mic literacy is so low that they cannot play any role in familys decision regarding familys budget, savings and investments. To such women, the national budget discussion is for men only and soap operas are for them. Such women suffer a lot if something untoward happens to their husbands.This type of extreme dependence is not good for the development of women. Women should remember that they are also rational, intelligent and thinking human beings. Dependent women are not empowered women. If modern women think that they are empowered, its a myth for them. Empowerment means to inspire women with he courage to break free from the chains of limiting beliefs, patterns and societal or religious conditions that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to realize their true beauty and power. In India, the empowerment process has already begun. We are now witnessing a steady improvement in the enrollment of women in schools, colleges and even in profession institutes. Their healt h is better as compared to earlier decades. In this decade, women are entrance into the job market in increasing numbers. They are showing their skills even in non-traditional sectors like police, defence, administration, media and research fields.Twenty-six laws have been enacted so far to protect women from various crimes. The recent law on the protection of women against domestic violence satisfies the long pending demand of the women activities. In the political field, the reservation for women is a prodigious step forward towards their political empowerment. When thirty-three percent reservation for women in Parliament becomes a reality,womens voice will be heard in the highest forum of democracy. The day, women of India will reach zenith in their empowerment. But a lot of work has to be done as there is a category of women (who consider themselves highly educated) that proudly accepts that they dont have digital literacy even though they own a computer, they cannot even ope rate bank accounts or make travel arrangements for family or trade hospital admissions even during emergencies. Even for a simple task like social visits or shopping generally they need the company of their husbands.Conclusions Empowerment by itself may not place women on an equal footing with men. The greatest need of the hour is change of social attitude to women. Take the classic case of dowry. Dowry is still rampant in a virulent form even among the highly educated a girl may be, dowry is still demanded. Womens empowerment means a lot, but the ultimate goal of the equalization of man and woman would materialize only when her complementary role is recognized by the society.SourcesA)Women in India wikipedia.org/wikiB)Publish your Article.com,Writer MrMaahir Virani C)Data for Domestic ViolanceMrs Renuka Chowdhery,Junior Minister for Women Child Development. D)Data for Education and Economic DevelopmentNational Sample survey data 1997. E) Workforce Particiaption1991 World Bank Re port. F)Acid ThrowingThe Thomas Reuters Foundation Survey.

Precautionary Measures for Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

Precautionary Measures for Genetically Modified Foods EssayGenetically modify (GM) victualss, a fairly recent development that came around from investigate in genetic engineering, pose a potential threat to human and environmental wellness. The basis of genetically modifying nutrients is the transferal of desirable genetic traits of plants to an agricultural crop. Genetic registration urinates crops that argon resistant to herbicides or can repel insects. Genetic modification also makes growing crops easier and allows for higher production rates.Anytime genetically altered crops ar consumed by humans, the GM crops should be subjected to rigorous scrutiny to assure that it is unafraid for human employment and natural rubber for the environment. When it comes to the environment and human gumshoe, one can non be too cautious. round say that further preventive testing of GM foods is not necessary beca employ there is no evidence of GM foods beingness unsafe (Cockburn 2002). The truth is that the man does not yet trust that genetically modify foods are completely safe (Harlander 2002).The only way to convince the public that GM foods are safe and to create a market for GM foods is to perform further safety tests, such as a human study or controlled experiments. I bid that you fund this necessary and fundamental testing to ensure that GM foods are safe for the environment and for human consumption in order to help create a market for this life-improving product. Genetically circumscribed crops were first commercially introduced in the United States in 1996 and by 2001 24% of the corn, 63% of the soybeans, and 64% of the cotton being grown in the U.S. were genetically modified varieties (Harlander 2002). Through genetic engineering, scientists have created varieties of crops that are insect-resistant, virus resistant, and herbicide tolerant. These qualities allow for improved yield and reduced use of potentially dangerous pesticides, as tumef y as improved weed control reduced crop injury, reduction in foreign matter, reduced elicit use, and significant reduction in soil erosion. All of these consequences seem to be beneficial for the human race and the environment.It is important to prove to the public that GM foods are safe so that such a beneficial technology allow not be under-utilized. In the United States, three g everyplacenment agencies are tortuous in the approval of genetically modified crops. These three agencies are the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (Harlander 2002). These agencies are responsible for ensuring that the GM crops are safe for the environment and for human consumption.More specifically, the USDA ensures that the GM crops are safe to grow, the EPA makes sure that the GM crops are safe for the environment, and the FDA ensures that the products are safe to eat (Harlander 2002). The three agencies put the genetically modified crops by means of rigorous environmental and food safety assessments before they can be commercialized. However, Susan Harlander reminds the scientific community an effective food safety evaluation system minimizes risk, but it is important to remember that food is not inherently safe (2002). tamper with the genetics of a crop increases the possibility of that crop being dangerous to the environment or to human health. Bettie Sue Masters, PhD, states, All evidence to date indicates that each breeding technique that alters a plant or animal, whether by genetic engineering or other methods, has the potential to create unintended changes in the prime(prenominal) or mensurations of food components that could harm health (qtd. in Panasevich 2004). It is highly likely that this lack of inherent safety is a reason why the public is so cautious about the acceptance of GM foods.The key to diminishing the publics fear of GM foods is to extend the safety evaluation process. Consumers have both main concerns about genetically modified foods first, that GM foods are unsafe to eat and second, that their cultivation will harm the environment (Gasson 2001). Currently the most widely used safety evaluation process is called whole equivalence. Michael Gasson and Derek Burke discuss substantial equivalence Substantial equivalence recognizes the fact that conventional foods have been eaten by many volume over a long period of time and have an established and accepted level of safety.Genetic modification involves the introduction of a limited amount of change and substantial equivalence uses a comparative approach to reveal both intended and unintended differences between a genetically modified (GM) food and its conventional counterpart. (Gasson 2002) If the genetically modified food is substantially equivalent to, or similar to, its conventional counterpart, then it is generally regarded as safe. Thus far substantial equivalence has been effective, but as genetically modified foods become much and more complex there is no guarantee that this method will report its success.More in-depth testing is required to ensure the safety of future GM foods. Genetically modified crops should be time-tested on living subjects in summing up to applying the substantial equivalence method. Animals or human volunteers are essential in proving the safety of the genetically modified crops already approved by the FDA, EPA, and USDA, in sum total to the GM crops to be introduced in the future. The risk of harm to a living being would be low as the GM food would have already passed the substantial equivalence test before being consumed.Long term testing would be able to prove that there are no mal-effects resulting from the consumption of GM foods. While long term testing may seem unappealing, it is a small price to pay for improving the quality of life for a nation. The publics concern extends beyond the effects of GM crops after human consum ption all the way to GM crops effects on the environment. Many environmentalists as well as non-affiliated persons think that genetically modified crops have a negative effect on the environment.Traits meant only for agricultural crops can be transferred to other plants through pollination traits, like being herbicide tolerant or virus-resistant, which would diminish natural and artificial checks and balances on plants (Guebert 2004). The best way to ensure that the GM crops will not harm the environment is to perform experiments and further safety assessments. Convincing the public that genetically modified crops are safe for the environment is pivotal towards creating a market for GM foods and in turn improving quality of life.The testing and assessing of the safety of GM foods that I propose will be divided into two categories the safety of genetically modified crops for the environment and the safety of GM foods for human consumption. The testing of the safety of GM crops for th e environment must be performed under controlled conditions. Our testing will take place in a greenhouse, where any negative effects will be contained and kept away from the environment.All genetically modified crops would be tested for two factors whether or not the trait is likely to be passed on to other plants and what nutrients in the soil the GM crop depletes and how card-playing it does so. These two factors are essential in proving the safety of genetically modified crops for the environment. If a GM crop passed traits, such as herbicide tolerance or virus-resistance, on to other plant species, it could potentially change the ability of that species to survive and thrive and wreak havoc on the delicate balance of the ecosystem.This risk of upsetting the ecosystem frightens would-be GM food consumers from supporting the industry. In order to test the ability of the genetically modified crop to pass on its genes to another species of plant, it would be planted for two growin g seasons in the presence of varying plant species found around the agricultural United States. The soil will be tested for nutrients before and after each growing season in order to keep track of the nutrient depletion rate. Any genetically modified crop that downcast the soil of essential nutrients at an abnormally fast rate would be rejected.A genetically modified crops failure to pass any of the tests or assessments would not be approved, thereby leaving no reason for the public to fear for the safety of the environment on account of the GM foods on the market. To test the safety of GM foods for human consumption, a comparative study must be performed. In order for the study to be effective and result in operating(a) data, several hundred human volunteers will need to participate. The volunteers will be divided into two groups. The first group will be asked to incorporate a specific genetically modified food into their everyday diet.The second group will be asked to incorporat e the conventional counterpart of the same GM food into their diet. The study will last for 2 months with the participants receiving weekly physicals to check for any changes in health. A change in negative change in health in a number participant from group one, the group consuming a GM food, would indicate that the genetically modified food is playing a role in the deterioration. The GM food in question would then either be taken off of the market or subjected to further testing, depending on the extent of the data acquired from the study.With this study in place, consumers would feel much more comfortable purchasing, and creating a market for, genetically modified foods. By proving that genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption and for the environment, we are proving to the public that there is no cause for fear. In the absence of fear, consumers will no longer intent to buying GM foods resulting in a market for genetically modified foods. The increase in demand for GM foods will result in more research and development and bring advances in GM technology.Genetically modified foods have the potential to improve the quality of life of people all over the world, and it would be a shame to let this technology go to waste. If you give us this grant, there will be numerous benefits that can come from our work. revel consider the well-being of the people that will be helped by our work while you are making your decision. Thank you. Works Cited Cockburn A. Assuring the safety of genetically modified (GM) foods the importance of an holistic, integrative approach. J Biotechnol.2002 98 (1) 79-106. Harlander SK. Safety assessments and public concern for genetically modified food products the American view. Toxicol Pathol. 2002 30 (1) 132-134. Gasson M, Burke D. scientific perspectives on regulating the safety of genetically modified foods. Nat Rev Genet. 2001 2 (3) 217-222. Guebert A, Cousins D. Welcome to the world of unintended consequences. Farmers Weekly 2004 141 (9) 64. Panasevich CL. Risk assessment urged for genetically modified foods. Nations Health. 2004 34 (7) 25.